---
title: “Certainly,” exclaimed the Bengal Light, who was now in better spiri… — The Happy Prince, and Other Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: “Certainly,” exclaimed the Bengal Light, who was now in better spirits; “that is only common sense.” Who acts: Bengal Light, that. A sentence of «The Happy Prince, and Other Tales» by Oscar Wilde, Opening, part 6, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Happy Prince, and Other Tales, Opening, part 6, sentence 53

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“Certainly,” exclaimed the Bengal Light, who was now in better spirits; “that is only common sense.”

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**Who acts:** Bengal Light, that · **What happens:** exclaim, be · **To what, where:** better spirits, common sense · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Happy Prince, and Other Tales» by Oscar Wilde, Opening, part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bengal Light, that), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg902:6:53
# text = “Certainly,” exclaimed the Bengal Light, who was now in better spirits; “that is only common sense.”
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Certainly	certainly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	exclaimed	exclaim	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	Bengal	Bengal	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	Light	Light	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
10	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
11	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
12	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	15	advmod	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	better	good	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	15	amod	_	_
15	spirits	spirit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
17	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	22	nsubj	_	_
19	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
20	only	only	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
21	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	sense	sense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	22	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **exclaim** *speech: express* | past | the Bengal Light and better spirits |  |  |  |  | certainly *property* | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | past | the Bengal Light and better spirits |  |  | better spirits | now |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | that | common sense |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Happy Prince, and Other Tales» by Oscar Wilde, Project Gutenberg book 902 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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