---
title: But the Roman Candle and the Bengal Light were quite indignant, and… — The Happy Prince, and Other Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: But the Roman Candle and the Bengal Light were quite indignant, and kept saying, “Humbug! humbug!” at the top of their voices. Who acts: Roman Candle. A sentence of «The Happy Prince, and Other Tales» by Oscar Wilde, Opening, part 6, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Happy Prince, and Other Tales, Opening, part 6, sentence 88

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But the Roman Candle and the Bengal Light were quite indignant, and kept saying, “Humbug! humbug!” at the top of their voices.

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**Who acts:** Roman Candle · **What happens:** be, keep, say · **To what, where:** Humbug, top · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Happy Prince, and Other Tales» by Oscar Wilde, Opening, part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Roman Candle), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg902:6:88
# text = But the Roman Candle and the Bengal Light were quite indignant, and kept saying, “Humbug! humbug!” at the top of their voices.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	Roman	roman	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	Candle	Candle	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	Bengal	Bengal	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	Light	Light	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
9	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	quite	quite	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	indignant	indignant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	kept	keep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
15	saying	say	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	14	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	Humbug	humbug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	20	punct	_	_
20	humbug	humbug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	_
23	at	at	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	voices	voice	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the Roman Candle and the Bengal Light |  |  |  |  | indignant *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **keep** | past | the Roman Candle and the Bengal Light *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | the Roman Candle and the Bengal Light *not said here* | Humbug and humbug |  | the top of Humbug's voices |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent humbug=Topic |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Happy Prince, and Other Tales» by Oscar Wilde, Project Gutenberg book 902 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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