---
title: "There are bulls enough in my pasture," the old farmers would reply;… — Tanglewood Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: "There are bulls enough in my pasture," the old farmers would reply; "but I never heard of one like this you tell me of. Who acts: old farmers, you. A sentence of «Tanglewood Tales» by Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Dragon's Teeth., part 2, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Tanglewood Tales, The Dragon's Teeth., part 2, sentence 1

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"There are bulls enough in my pasture," the old farmers would reply; "but I never heard of one like this you tell me of.

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**Who acts:** old farmers, you · **What happens:** be, reply, not hear, tell · **To what, where:** pasture, old farmers · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Tanglewood Tales» by Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Dragon's Teeth., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (old farmers, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg976:11:1
# text = "There are bulls enough in my pasture," the old farmers would reply; "but I never heard of one like this you tell me of.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	3	expl	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	bulls	bull	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
5	enough	enough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	pasture	pasture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	farmers	farmer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
14	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	reply	reply	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
17	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
19	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
20	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	21	advmod	_	_
21	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	parataxis	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	21	obl	_	_
24	like	like	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	21	obl	_	_
26	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
27	tell	tell	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	parataxis	_	_
28	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	27	iobj	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *in a quote* | present |  |  |  | my pasture |  | enough *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **reply** *speech: assert* | would | the old farmers |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **not** **hear** *in a quote* | past | the old farmers *= farmer* |  |  |  |  | of one; like this | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer of one=Stimulus |
| 4 | **tell** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | present | you |  | the old farmers *= farmer* |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent i=Recipient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Tanglewood Tales» by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Project Gutenberg book 976 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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