---
title: Each man smote down his brother, and was himself smitten down before… — Tanglewood Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: Each man smote down his brother, and was himself smitten down before he had time to exult in his victory. Who acts: man. A sentence of «Tanglewood Tales» by Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Dragon's Teeth., part 4, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Tanglewood Tales, The Dragon's Teeth., part 4, sentence 48

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Each man smote down his brother, and was himself smitten down before he had time to exult in his victory.

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**Who acts:** man · **What happens:** smite down, have, exult · **To what, where:** brother, man, victory

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This is a sentence of «Tanglewood Tales» by Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Dragon's Teeth., part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg976:13:48
# text = Each man smote down his brother, and was himself smitten down before he had time to exult in his victory.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	smote	smite	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	down	down	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
10	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	11	nsubj	_	_
11	smitten	smite	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
12	down	down	ADP	RP	_	11	compound:prt	_	_
13	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
14	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	advcl	_	_
16	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	exult	exult	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	acl	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	victory	victory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **smite down** | past | each man | man's brother |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus brother=Experiencer |
| 2 | **smite down** | past · passive |  | man |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |
| 3 | **have** | past | man |  |  |  | time |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **exult** | to-infinitive | man *not said here* |  |  | man's victory |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Tanglewood Tales» by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Project Gutenberg book 976 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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