---
title: The trees and bushes that grew in the crevices of the rocks had very… — Tanglewood Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: The trees and bushes that grew in the crevices of the rocks had very dismal foliage; and by and by, although it was hardly noon, the air became obscured with a gray twilight. Who acts: trees, foliage. A sentence of «Tanglewood Tales» by Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Pomegranate Seeds., part 1, with its d
---

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# Tanglewood Tales, The Pomegranate Seeds., part 1, sentence 104

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The trees and bushes that grew in the crevices of the rocks had very dismal foliage; and by and by, although it was hardly noon, the air became obscured with a gray twilight.

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**Who acts:** trees, foliage · **What happens:** grow, have, be, obscure · **To what, where:** crevices, dismal foliage, air

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This is a sentence of «Tanglewood Tales» by Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Pomegranate Seeds., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (trees, foliage), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg976:20:104
# text = The trees and bushes that grew in the crevices of the rocks had very dismal foliage; and by and by, although it was hardly noon, the air became obscured with a gray twilight.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	bushes	bush	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	crevices	crevice	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	_
13	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
14	very	very	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	dismal	dismal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	foliage	foliage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
19	by	by	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	by	by	ADP	IN	_	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
23	although	although	SCONJ	IN	_	27	mark	_	_
24	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
25	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	cop	_	_
26	hardly	hardly	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
27	noon	noon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nsubj:pass	_	_
31	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	32	aux:pass	_	_
32	obscured	obscure	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
33	with	with	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
34	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
35	gray	gray	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	36	amod	_	_
36	twilight	twilight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | past | the trees and bushes |  |  | the crevices of the rocks |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in crevice=Location |
| 2 | **have** | past | the trees and bushes *not said here* | dismal foliage |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent foliage=Patient |
| 3 | **is** | past | foliage |  |  |  | by noon | hardly *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **obscure** | past · passive |  | the air |  |  |  | with a gray twilight | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Patient with twilight=Instrument |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Tanglewood Tales» by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Project Gutenberg book 976 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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