---
title: On the tenth day, she chanced to espy the mouth of a cavern within w… — Tanglewood Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: On the tenth day, she chanced to espy the mouth of a cavern within which (though it was bright noon everywhere else) there would have been only a dusky twilight; but it so happened that a torch was burning there. Who acts: Mother, mouth, it, torch. A sentence of «Tanglewood Tales» by Nathaniel Hawth
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg976/22/3/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Tanglewood Tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg976/) / [The Pomegranate Seeds., part 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg976/22/) / 3

# Tanglewood Tales, The Pomegranate Seeds., part 3, sentence 3

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
On the tenth day, she chanced to espy the mouth of a cavern within which (though it was bright noon everywhere else) there would have been only a dusky twilight; but it so happened that a torch was burning there.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Mother, mouth, it, torch · **What happens:** chance, espy, be, happen, burn · **To what, where:** mouth, bright noon, dusky twilight

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «Tanglewood Tales» by Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Pomegranate Seeds., part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mother, mouth, it, torch), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg976:22:3
# text = On the tenth day, she chanced to espy the mouth of a cavern within which (though it was bright noon everywhere else) there would have been only a dusky twilight; but it so happened that a torch was burning there.
1	On	on	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	tenth	tenth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	chanced	chance	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	espy	espy	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	cavern	cavern	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
15	within	within	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	advcl:relcl	_	_
17	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	though	though	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
19	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
20	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
21	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	noon	noon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	appos	_	_
23	everywhere	everywhere	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	22	advmod	_	_
24	else	else	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	22	punct	_	_
26	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	22	advmod	_	_
27	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	33	aux	_	_
28	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	33	aux	_	_
29	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	33	cop	_	_
30	only	only	ADV	RB	_	33	advmod	_	_
31	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
32	dusky	dusky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
33	twilight	twilight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	38	punct	_	_
35	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
36	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	38	nsubj	_	_
37	so	so	ADV	RB	_	38	advmod	_	_
38	happened	happen	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
39	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	43	mark	_	_
40	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	41	det	_	_
41	torch	torch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	nsubj	_	_
42	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	43	aux	_	_
43	burning	burn	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	38	advcl	_	_
44	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	43	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chance** | past | Mother |  |  |  | day |  | vn risk-94-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **espy** | to-infinitive | Mother *not said here* | the mouth of a cavern |  |  |  |  | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer mouth=Stimulus |
| 3 | **is a** | past | mouth | bright noon |  | there |  | everywhere *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **is a** | would · perfect |  | a dusky twilight |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **happen** | past | it |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **burn** | past · progressive | a torch |  |  | there |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** «Tanglewood Tales» by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Project Gutenberg book 976 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [sentence 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg976/22/2/)
- next →: [sentence 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg976/22/4/)
- ↑ back to [The Pomegranate Seeds., part 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg976/22/)