---
title: The overhanging trees, also, shed their brown leaves upon it, as oft… — Tanglewood Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: The overhanging trees, also, shed their brown leaves upon it, as often as the autumn came; and at its base grew ferns and wild flowers, some of which crept quite over its surface. Who acts: overhanging trees, autumn, ferns, some. A sentence of «Tanglewood Tales» by Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Minotaur.
---

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# Tanglewood Tales, The Minotaur., part 1, sentence 32

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The overhanging trees, also, shed their brown leaves upon it, as often as the autumn came; and at its base grew ferns and wild flowers, some of which crept quite over its surface.

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**Who acts:** overhanging trees, autumn, ferns, some · **What happens:** overhang, shed, come, grow, creep · **To what, where:** brown leaves, base, surface

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This is a sentence of «Tanglewood Tales» by Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Minotaur., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (overhanging trees, autumn, ferns, some), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Checked tree.** This sentence is in the tales treebank of Mova corpus 0.3 (`gutenberg:pg976:102`): parsed by Mova, then checked and patched by a teacher model under UD validation gates — Mova annot: Rust (en) → Claude Opus (medium) patches; gates UD 2.18.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg976:3:32
# text = The overhanging trees, also, shed their brown leaves upon it, as often as the autumn came; and at its base grew ferns and wild flowers, some of which crept quite over its surface.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	overhanging	overhang	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	amod	_	_
3	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	also	also	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	shed	shed	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
9	brown	brown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
11	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obl	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	as	as	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	often	often	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
16	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	autumn	autumn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
19	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	advcl	_	_
20	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
22	at	at	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	base	base	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	_
25	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
26	ferns	fern	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	nsubj	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
28	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	flowers	flower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	conj	_	_
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
31	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	34	nsubj	_	_
32	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	31	nmod	_	_
34	crept	creep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	acl:relcl	_	_
35	quite	quite	ADV	RB	_	38	advmod	_	_
36	over	over	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
37	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	38	nmod:poss	_	_
38	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obl	_	_
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **overhang** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **shed** | past | the overhanging trees | trees's brown leaves |  |  |  | upon rock; often *property* | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location leaf=Source |
| 3 | **come** | past | the autumn |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **grow** | past | ferns and wild flowers |  |  | rock's base |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at base=Location |
| 5 | **creep** | past | some |  |  | rock's surface |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over surface=Trajectory |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Tanglewood Tales» by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Project Gutenberg book 976 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** the tales treebank of Mova corpus 0.3, Apache-2.0 OR MIT. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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