---
title: There was the poor old king, too, leaning on his son's arm, and look… — Tanglewood Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: There was the poor old king, too, leaning on his son's arm, and looking as if his single heart held all the grief of Athens. Who acts: poor old king, single heart. A sentence of «Tanglewood Tales» by Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Minotaur., part 3, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every cla
---

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# Tanglewood Tales, The Minotaur., part 3, sentence 7

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There was the poor old king, too, leaning on his son's arm, and looking as if his single heart held all the grief of Athens.

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**Who acts:** poor old king, single heart · **What happens:** be, lean, look, hold · **To what, where:** arm, grief

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This is a sentence of «Tanglewood Tales» by Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Minotaur., part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (poor old king, single heart), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg976:5:7
# text = There was the poor old king, too, leaning on his son's arm, and looking as if his single heart held all the grief of Athens.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	too	too	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	leaning	lean	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
11	on	on	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	's	's	PART	POS	_	13	case	_	_
15	arm	arm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	looking	look	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	conj	_	_
19	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
20	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
21	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
22	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	_
24	held	hold	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	advcl	_	_
25	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	27	det:predet	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	grief	grief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	Athens	Athens	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | the poor old king |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **lean** | gerund | the poor old king *not said here* |  |  | King's son's arm |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on arm=Location |
| 3 | **look** | gerund | the poor old king *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 4 | **hold** | participle | King's single heart | all grief of Athens |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grief=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Tanglewood Tales» by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Project Gutenberg book 976 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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