---
title: If Antaeus observed that the battle was going hard against his littl… — Tanglewood Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: If Antaeus observed that the battle was going hard against his little allies, he generally stopped laughing, and ran with mile-long strides to their assistance, flourishing his club aloft and shouting at the cranes, who quacked and croaked, and retreated as fast as they could. Who acts: Antaeus, bat
---

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# Tanglewood Tales, The Pygmies., part 1, sentence 77

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If Antaeus observed that the battle was going hard against his little allies, he generally stopped laughing, and ran with mile-long strides to their assistance, flourishing his club aloft and shouting at the cranes, who quacked and croaked, and retreated as fast as they could.

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**Who acts:** Antaeus, battle, cranes, battles · **What happens:** observe, go, stop, laugh, run, flourish · **To what, where:** little allies, club, cranes

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This is a sentence of «Tanglewood Tales» by Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Pygmies., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Antaeus, battle, cranes, battles), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg976:7:77
# text = If Antaeus observed that the battle was going hard against his little allies, he generally stopped laughing, and ran with mile-long strides to their assistance, flourishing his club aloft and shouting at the cranes, who quacked and croaked, and retreated as fast as they could.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	Antaeus	Antaeus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	observed	observe	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	advcl	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	battle	battle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	going	go	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	ccomp	_	_
9	hard	hard	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	8	advmod	_	_
10	against	against	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
12	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	allies	ally	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
15	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
16	generally	generally	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	stopped	stop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
18	laughing	laugh	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	17	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	conj	_	_
22	with	with	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
23	mile	mile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	strides	stride	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obl	_	_
27	to	to	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	29	nmod:poss	_	_
29	assistance	assistance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
31	flourishing	flourish	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	21	advcl	_	_
32	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	33	nmod:poss	_	_
33	club	club	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obj	_	_
34	aloft	aloft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	xcomp	_	_
35	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
36	shouting	shout	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	31	conj	_	_
37	at	at	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	cranes	crane	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	36	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
41	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	42	nsubj	_	_
42	quacked	quack	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	39	acl:relcl	_	_
43	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	44	cc	_	_
44	croaked	croak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	42	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	47	punct	_	_
46	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	47	cc	_	_
47	retreated	retreat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	conj	_	_
48	as	as	ADV	RB	_	49	advmod	_	_
49	fast	fast	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	47	advmod	_	_
50	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	52	mark	_	_
51	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	52	nsubj	_	_
52	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	49	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
53	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	17	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **observe** *a condition, not said to happen* | past | Antaeus |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **go** | past · progressive | the battle |  |  | Antaeus's little allies |  | hard *property* | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme against ally=Location |
| 3 | **stop** | past | Antaeus |  |  |  |  | generally *property* | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **laugh** | gerund | Antaeus *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **run** | past | Antaeus *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with long strides; to battles's assistance *result* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to assistance=Result |
| 6 | **flourish** | gerund | Antaeus *not said here* | Antaeus's club |  |  |  | aloft *property* | tree rules |
| 7 | **shout** *speech: express* | gerund | Antaeus *not said here* |  |  | the cranes |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 8 | **quack** | past | the cranes |  |  |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 9 | **croak** | past | the cranes *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 10 | **retreat** | past | Antaeus *not said here* |  |  |  |  | fast *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 11 | **assist** |  | battles *= battle* |  |  |  |  |  | nom assistance «act transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Tanglewood Tales» by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Project Gutenberg book 976 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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