---
title: At last, however, looking narrowly on the ground, he espied the innu… — Tanglewood Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: At last, however, looking narrowly on the ground, he espied the innumerable assemblage of Pygmies at his feet. Who acts: conflagration. A sentence of «Tanglewood Tales» by Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Pygmies., part 3, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Tanglewood Tales, The Pygmies., part 3, sentence 59

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At last, however, looking narrowly on the ground, he espied the innumerable assemblage of Pygmies at his feet.

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**Who acts:** conflagration · **What happens:** look, espy · **To what, where:** innumerable assemblage, last

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This is a sentence of «Tanglewood Tales» by Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Pygmies., part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (conflagration), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg976:9:59
# text = At last, however, looking narrowly on the ground, he espied the innumerable assemblage of Pygmies at his feet.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	however	however	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	looking	look	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	13	advcl	_	_
7	narrowly	narrowly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
12	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	espied	espy	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	innumerable	innumerable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	assemblage	assemblage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	Pygmies	pygmy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nmod	_	_
19	at	at	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | gerund | conflagration *not said here* |  |  |  |  | on the ground; narrowly *property* | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent on ground=Theme |
| 2 | **espy** | past | conflagration | the innumerable assemblage of Pygmies at conflagration's feet |  | last |  | however *property* | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer assemblage=Stimulus |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Tanglewood Tales» by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Project Gutenberg book 976 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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