---
title: It chanced to be the very identical Pygmy who had spoken from the to… — Tanglewood Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: It chanced to be the very identical Pygmy who had spoken from the top of the toadstool, and had offered himself as a champion to meet Hercules in single combat. Who acts: distance. A sentence of «Tanglewood Tales» by Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Pygmies., part 3, with its dependency tree and the pragmat
---

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# Tanglewood Tales, The Pygmies., part 3, sentence 61

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It chanced to be the very identical Pygmy who had spoken from the top of the toadstool, and had offered himself as a champion to meet Hercules in single combat.

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**Who acts:** distance · **What happens:** chance, speak, offer, meet · **To what, where:** identical Pygmy, top, conflagration, Hercules, single combat · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Tanglewood Tales» by Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Pygmies., part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (distance), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg976:9:61
# text = It chanced to be the very identical Pygmy who had spoken from the top of the toadstool, and had offered himself as a champion to meet Hercules in single combat.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	chanced	chance	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	aux:pass	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	very	very	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	identical	identical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	Pygmy	Pygmy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
10	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	advcl	_	_
12	from	from	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	toadstool	toadstool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	offered	offer	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	2	conj	_	_
22	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	21	iobj	_	_
23	as	as	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	champion	champion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
26	to	to	PART	TO	_	27	mark	_	_
27	meet	meet	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	advcl	_	_
28	Hercules	Hercules	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	obj	_	_
29	in	in	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
31	combat	combat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chance** | past | distance |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | to-infinitive · perfect · passive |  | the identical Pygmy |  | the top of the toadstool |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **offer** | past · perfect | distance *not said here* |  | conflagration |  |  | as a champion | vn volunteer-95.4 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent himself=Pivot as champion=Attribute |
| 4 | **meet** | to-infinitive | distance *not said here* | Hercules |  | single combat |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hercules=Co-Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Tanglewood Tales» by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Project Gutenberg book 976 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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