---
title: He left them, one and all, within their own territory, where, for au… — Tanglewood Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: He left them, one and all, within their own territory, where, for aught I can tell, their descendants are alive to the present day, building their little houses, cultivating their little fields, spanking their little children, waging their little warfare with the cranes, doing their little business,
---

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# Tanglewood Tales, The Pygmies., part 3, sentence 83

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He left them, one and all, within their own territory, where, for aught I can tell, their descendants are alive to the present day, building their little houses, cultivating their little fields, spanking their little children, waging their little warfare with the cranes, doing their little business, whatever it may be, and reading their little histories of ancient times.

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**Who acts:** Hercules, I, descendants · **What happens:** leave, tell, be, build, cultivate, spank · **To what, where:** writers, little houses, little fields, little children, little warfare, little business · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «Tanglewood Tales» by Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Pygmies., part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hercules, I, descendants), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg976:9:83
# text = He left them, one and all, within their own territory, where, for aught I can tell, their descendants are alive to the present day, building their little houses, cultivating their little fields, spanking their little children, waging their little warfare with the cranes, doing their little business, whatever it may be, and reading their little histories of ancient times.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	advcl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	within	within	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
11	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	territory	territory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
16	for	for	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	aught	aught	PRON	NN	PronType=Ind	20	obl	_	_
18	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
19	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
20	tell	tell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
22	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	descendants	descendant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	nsubj	_	_
24	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	cop	_	_
25	alive	alive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	ccomp	_	_
26	to	to	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
28	present	present	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
31	building	build	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	20	ccomp	_	_
32	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	34	nmod:poss	_	_
33	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
34	houses	house	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
36	cultivating	cultivate	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	31	conj	_	_
37	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	39	nmod:poss	_	_
38	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	39	amod	_	_
39	fields	field	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	36	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
41	spanking	spank	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	36	conj	_	_
42	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	44	nmod:poss	_	_
43	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	44	amod	_	_
44	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	41	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	46	punct	_	_
46	waging	wage	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	36	conj	_	_
47	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	49	nmod:poss	_	_
48	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	49	amod	_	_
49	warfare	warfare	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	obj	_	_
50	with	with	ADP	IN	_	52	case	_	_
51	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	52	det	_	_
52	cranes	crane	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	46	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
53	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	54	punct	_	_
54	doing	do	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	36	conj	_	_
55	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	57	nmod:poss	_	_
56	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	57	amod	_	_
57	business	business	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	54	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
58	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	59	punct	_	_
59	whatever	whatever	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	57	nmod	_	_
60	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	62	nsubj	_	_
61	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	62	aux	_	_
62	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	59	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
63	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	65	punct	_	_
64	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	65	cc	_	_
65	reading	read	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	31	conj	_	_
66	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	68	nmod:poss	_	_
67	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	68	amod	_	_
68	histories	history	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	65	obj	_	_
69	of	of	ADP	IN	_	71	case	_	_
70	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	71	amod	_	_
71	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	68	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
72	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | past | Hercules | writers *= writer* |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | can | I |  |  |  |  | for aught | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **is** | present | writers's descendants |  |  |  | day | alive *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **build** | gerund |  | writers's little houses |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset house=Product |
| 5 | **cultivate** | gerund |  | writers's little fields |  |  |  |  | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent field=Product |
| 6 | **spank** | gerund |  | writers's little children |  |  |  |  | vn spank-18.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent child=Patient |
| 7 | **wage** | gerund |  | writers's little warfare |  |  |  | with the cranes | tree rules |
| 8 | **do** | gerund |  | writers's little business |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent business=Eventuality |
| 9 | **is a** | infinitive |  | whatever |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 10 | **read** | gerund |  | writers's little histories of ancient times |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent history=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Tanglewood Tales» by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Project Gutenberg book 976 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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