--- title: Deuteronomy 1:1 — THESE ARE the words which Moses spoke unto all Israel beyond the Jor… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: THESE ARE the words which Moses spoke unto all Israel beyond the Jordan; in the wilderness, in the Arabah, over against Suph, between Paran and Tophel, and Laban, and Hazeroth, and Di-zahab. Who acts: THESE, Moses. Deuteronomy 1:1 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.1.1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Deuteronomy](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/1/) / 1:1 # Deuteronomy 1:1 דְּבָרִים **Who acts:** THESE, Moses · **What happens:** be, speak · **To what, where:** words, wilderness · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Deuteronomy 1:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — THESE, Moses — and what happens in the verse to words, wilderness, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 34 chapters of Deuteronomy on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. אֵ֣לֶּה הַדְּבָרִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר דִּבֶּ֤ר מֹשֶׁה֙ אֶל־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בְּעֵ֖בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן בַּמִּדְבָּ֡ר בָּֽעֲרָבָה֩ מ֨וֹל ס֜וּף בֵּֽין־פָּארָ֧ן וּבֵֽין־תֹּ֛פֶל וְלָבָ֥ן וַחֲצֵרֹ֖ת וְדִ֥י זָהָֽב דִ֥י זָהָֽב׃ [THESE ARE the words which Moses spoke unto all Israel beyond the Jordan; in the wilderness, in the Arabah, over against Suph, between Paran and Tophel, and Laban, and Hazeroth, and Di-zahab.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.0/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:DEU:0 # text = אֵ֣לֶּה הַדְּבָרִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר דִּבֶּ֤ר מֹשֶׁה֙ אֶל־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בְּעֵ֖בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן בַּמִּדְבָּ֡ר בָּֽעֲרָבָה֩ מ֨וֹל ס֜וּף בֵּֽין־פָּארָ֧ן וּבֵֽין־תֹּ֛פֶל וְלָבָ֥ן וַחֲצֵרֹ֖ת וְדִ֥י זָהָֽב דִ֥י זָהָֽב׃ # verse = DEU.1.1 1 אֵ֣לֶּה אֵלֶּה PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 0 root _ Gloss=these|Ref=DEU_1:1!1|MId=o050010010011|Strong=0428|Type=demonstrative 2-3 הַדְּבָרִ֗ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 3 det _ Gloss=[are].the|Ref=DEU_1:1!2|MId=o050010010021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 3 דְּבָרִ֗ים דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 1 nsubj _ Gloss=words|Ref=DEU_1:1!2|MId=o050010010022|Strong=1697 4 אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 5 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=DEU_1:1!3|MId=o050010010031|Strong=0834|Type=relative 5 דִּבֶּ֤ר דָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.spoke|Ref=DEU_1:1!4|MId=o050010010041|Strong=1696|Frame=A0:050010010051;A1:050010010022;|Type=qatal 6 מֹשֶׁה֙ מֹשֶׁה PROPN _ _ 5 nsubj _ Gloss=Moses|Ref=DEU_1:1!5|MId=o050010010051|Strong=4872 7 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=DEU_1:1!6|MId=o050010010061|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 8 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=DEU_1:1!7|MId=o050010010071|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 9 יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=DEU_1:1!8|MId=o050010010081|Strong=3478 10-11 בְּעֵ֖בֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=DEU_1:1!9|MId=o050010010091|Strong=0871a 11 עֵ֖בֶר עֵבֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 obl _ Gloss=the.other.side|Ref=DEU_1:1!9|MId=o050010010092|Strong=5676 12-13 הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=DEU_1:1!10|MId=o050010010101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 יַּרְדֵּ֑ן יַרְדֵּן PROPN _ _ 11 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.Jordan|Ref=DEU_1:1!10|MId=o050010010102|Strong=3383 14-16 בַּמִּדְבָּ֡ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=DEU_1:1!11|MId=o050010010111|Strong=0871a 15 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=DEU_1:1!11|MId=o050010010111ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 מִּדְבָּ֡ר מִדְבָּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 conj _ Gloss=wilderness|Ref=DEU_1:1!11|MId=o050010010112|Strong=4057 17-19 בָּֽעֲרָבָה֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 בָּֽ בְּ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=DEU_1:1!12|MId=o050010010121|Strong=0871a 18 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 19 det _ Gloss=the.desert|Ref=DEU_1:1!12|MId=o050010010121ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 19 עֲרָבָה֩ עֲרָבָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 11 conj _ Gloss=plain|Ref=DEU_1:1!12|MId=o050010010122|Strong=6160 20 מ֨וֹל מוּל ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=opposite.to|Ref=DEU_1:1!13|MId=o050010010131|Strong=4136 21 ס֜וּף סוּף PROPN _ _ 11 conj _ Gloss=Suph|Ref=DEU_1:1!14|MId=o050010010141|Strong=5489 22 בֵּֽין־ בֵּין ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=between|Ref=DEU_1:1!15|MId=o050010010151|Strong=0996|SpaceAfter=No 23 פָּארָ֧ן פָּארָן PROPN _ _ 11 conj _ Gloss=Paran|Ref=DEU_1:1!16|MId=o050010010161|Strong=6290 24-25 וּבֵֽין־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DEU_1:1!17|MId=o050010010171|Strong=2050b 25 בֵֽין־ בֵּין ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=between|Ref=DEU_1:1!17|MId=o050010010172|Strong=0996 26 תֹּ֛פֶל תֹּפֶל PROPN _ _ 23 conj _ Gloss=Tophel|Ref=DEU_1:1!18|MId=o050010010181|Strong=8603 27-28 וְלָבָ֥ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 28 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DEU_1:1!19|MId=o050010010191|Strong=2050b 28 לָבָ֥ן לָבָן PROPN _ _ 26 conj _ Gloss=Laban|Ref=DEU_1:1!19|MId=o050010010192|Strong=3837a 29-30 וַחֲצֵרֹ֖ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 30 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DEU_1:1!20|MId=o050010010201|Strong=2050b 30 חֲצֵרֹ֖ת חֲצֵרוֹת PROPN _ _ 26 conj _ Gloss=Hazeroth|Ref=DEU_1:1!20|MId=o050010010202|Strong=2698 31-32 וְדִ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 32 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DEU_1:1!21|MId=o050010010211|Strong=2050b 32 דִ֥י דִּי PROPN _ _ 26 conj _ Gloss=Di|Ref=DEU_1:1!21|MId=o050010010212 33 זָהָֽב זָהָב PROPN _ _ 32 flat:name _ Ref=DEU_1:1!21 34 דִ֥י דִּי PROPN _ _ 26 conj _ Gloss=Zahab|Ref=DEU_1:1!22|MId=o050010010221 35 זָהָֽב זָהָב PROPN _ _ 34 flat:name _ Ref=DEU_1:1!22|SpaceAfter=No 36 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 34 punct _ Ref=DEU_1:1!22 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | דִּבֶּר *he spoke* | qatal · piel | מֹשֶׁה *Moses* | דְּבָרִים *words* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} אִלֵין פִּתְגָמַיָא דִי מַלִיל מֹשֶׁה עִם כָּל יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּעִבְרָא דְיַרְדְנָא אוֹכַח יָתְהוֹן עַל דְחָבוּ בְמַדְבְּרָא וְעַל דְאַרְגִיזוּ בְמֵישְׁרָא לָקֳבֵל יַם סוּף בְּפָארָן אִתַּפָּלוּ עַל מַנָא וּבַחֲצֵרוֹת אַרְגִיזוּ עַל בִּשְׂרָא וְעַל דַעֲבָדוּ עֵגַל דִדְהָב The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [THESE ARE the words which Moses spoke unto all Israel beyond the Jordan; in the wilderness, in the Arabah, over against Suph, between Paran and Tophel, and Laban, and Hazeroth, and Di-zahab.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.0/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:DEU:0`. - ← previous: [Numbers 36:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/NUM.36.13/) - next →: [Deuteronomy 1:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.1.2/) - ↑ back to [Deuteronomy 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/1/)