--- title: Deuteronomy 1:19 — And we journeyed from Horeb, and went through all that great and dre… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And we journeyed from Horeb, and went through all that great and dreadful wilderness which ye saw, by the way to the hill-country of the Amorites, as the LORD our God commanded us; and we came to Kadesh-barnea. Who acts: we, ye, LORD. Deuteronomy 1:19 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkel --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.1.19/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Deuteronomy](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/1/) / 1:19 # Deuteronomy 1:19 דְּבָרִים **Who acts:** we, ye, LORD · **What happens:** journey, go, see, command, come · **To what, where:** Horeb, great wilderness, us, Kadesh barnea · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Deuteronomy 1:19 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — we, ye, LORD — and what happens in the verse to Horeb, great wilderness, us, Kadesh barnea, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 34 chapters of Deuteronomy on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַנִּסַּ֣ע מֵחֹרֵ֗ב וַנֵּ֡לֶךְ אֵ֣ת כָּל־הַמִּדְבָּ֣ר הַגָּדוֹל֩ וְהַנּוֹרָ֨א הַה֜וּא אֲשֶׁ֣ר רְאִיתֶ֗ם דֶּ֚רֶךְ הַ֣ר הָֽאֱמֹרִ֔י כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוָּ֛ה יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵ֖ינוּ אֹתָ֑נוּ וַנָּבֹ֕א עַ֖ד קָדֵ֥שׁ בַּרְנֵֽעַ קָדֵ֥שׁ בַּרְנֵֽעַ׃ [And we journeyed from Horeb, and went through all that great and dreadful wilderness which ye saw, by the way to the hill-country of the Amorites, as the LORD our God commanded us; and we came to Kadesh-barnea.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.18/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:DEU:18 # text = וַנִּסַּ֣ע מֵחֹרֵ֗ב וַנֵּ֡לֶךְ אֵ֣ת כָּל־הַמִּדְבָּ֣ר הַגָּדוֹל֩ וְהַנּוֹרָ֨א הַה֜וּא אֲשֶׁ֣ר רְאִיתֶ֗ם דֶּ֚רֶךְ הַ֣ר הָֽאֱמֹרִ֔י כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוָּ֛ה יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵ֖ינוּ אֹתָ֑נוּ וַנָּבֹ֕א עַ֖ד קָדֵ֥שׁ בַּרְנֵֽעַ קָדֵ֥שׁ בַּרְנֵֽעַ׃ # verse = DEU.1.19 1-2 וַנִּסַּ֣ע _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DEU_1:19!1|MId=o050010190011|Strong=2050b 2 נִּסַּ֣ע נָסַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=we.set.out|Ref=DEU_1:19!1|MId=o050010190012|Strong=5265|Frame=A0:050010050061;050010030121;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 מֵחֹרֵ֗ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=DEU_1:19!2|MId=o050010190021|Strong=4480 4 חֹרֵ֗ב חֹרֵב PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=Horeb|Ref=DEU_1:19!2|MId=o050010190022|Strong=2722 5-6 וַנֵּ֡לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DEU_1:19!3|MId=o050010190031|Strong=2050b 6 נֵּ֡לֶךְ הלך VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 2 conj _ Gloss=we.walked|Ref=DEU_1:19!3|MId=o050010190032|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:050010050061;050010030121;|Type=wayyiqtol 7 אֵ֣ת אֵת ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=DEU_1:19!4|MId=o050010190041|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 8 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=DEU_1:19!5|MId=o050010190051|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 9-10 הַמִּדְבָּ֣ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=DEU_1:19!6|MId=o050010190061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 מִּדְבָּ֣ר מִדְבָּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=wilderness|Ref=DEU_1:19!6|MId=o050010190062|Strong=4057 11-12 הַגָּדוֹל֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=DEU_1:19!7|MId=o050010190071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 גָּדוֹל֩ גָּדוֹל ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 amod _ Gloss=great|Ref=DEU_1:19!7|MId=o050010190072|Strong=1419|Type=adjective 13-15 וְהַנּוֹרָ֨א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DEU_1:19!8|MId=o050010190081|Strong=2050b 14 הַ הַ SCONJ _ _ 15 mark _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=DEU_1:19!8|MId=o050010190082|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 נּוֹרָ֨א יָרֵא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing 12 conj _ Gloss=awesome|Ref=DEU_1:19!8|MId=o050010190083|Strong=3372|Frame=A1:050010190062;|Type=participle_active 16-17 הַה֜וּא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 17 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=DEU_1:19!9|MId=o050010190091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 17 ה֜וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 det _ Gloss=that|Ref=DEU_1:19!9|MId=o050010190092|Strong=1931|Type=personal 18 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 19 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=DEU_1:19!10|MId=o050010190101|Strong=0834|Type=relative 19 רְאִיתֶ֗ם רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 8 acl:relcl _ Gloss=you.saw|Ref=DEU_1:19!11|MId=o050010190111|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:050010030121;A1:050010190062;|Type=qatal 20 דֶּ֚רֶךְ דֶּרֶךְ NOUN _ Number=Sing 6 obl _ Gloss=the.way|Ref=DEU_1:19!12|MId=o050010190121|Strong=1870 21 הַ֣ר הַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.hill.country|Ref=DEU_1:19!13|MId=o050010190131|Strong=2022 22-23 הָֽאֱמֹרִ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 הָֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 23 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=DEU_1:19!14|MId=o050010190141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 23 אֱמֹרִ֔י אֱמֹרִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.Amorite[s]|Ref=DEU_1:19!14|MId=o050010190142|Strong=0567|Type=gentilic 24-25 כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 כַּ כְּ ADP _ _ 6 obl _ Gloss=just|Ref=DEU_1:19!15|MId=o050010190151|Strong=3509a 25 אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 26 mark _ Gloss=as|Ref=DEU_1:19!15|MId=o050010190152|Strong=0834|Type=relative 26 צִוָּ֛ה צָוָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 24 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.had.commanded|Ref=DEU_1:19!16|MId=o050010190161|Strong=6680|Frame=A0:050010190171;A1:050010190192;|Type=qatal 27 יְהוָ֥ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 26 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=DEU_1:19!17|MId=o050010190171|Strong=3068 28-29 אֱלֹהֵ֖ינוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 אֱלֹהֵ֖י אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 27 appos _ Gloss=God|Ref=DEU_1:19!18|MId=o050010190181|Strong=0430 29 נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 28 nmod:poss _ Gloss=our|Ref=DEU_1:19!18|MId=o050010190182|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 30-31 אֹתָ֑נוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 אֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=|Ref=DEU_1:19!19|MId=o050010190191|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 31 ָ֑נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 26 obj _ Gloss=us|Ref=DEU_1:19!19|MId=o050010190192|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 32-33 וַנָּבֹ֕א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 33 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DEU_1:19!20|MId=o050010190201|Strong=2050b 33 נָּבֹ֕א בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 2 conj _ Gloss=we.came|Ref=DEU_1:19!20|MId=o050010190202|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:050010050061;050010030121;|Type=wayyiqtol 34 עַ֖ד עַד ADP _ _ 35 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=DEU_1:19!21|MId=o050010190211|Strong=5704 35 קָדֵ֥שׁ קָדֵשׁ PROPN _ _ 33 obl _ Gloss=Kadesh|Ref=DEU_1:19!22|MId=o050010190221 36 בַּרְנֵֽעַ בַּרְנֵעַ PROPN _ _ 35 flat:name _ Ref=DEU_1:19!22 37 קָדֵ֥שׁ קָדֵשׁ PROPN _ _ 35 nmod _ Gloss=Barnea|Ref=DEU_1:19!23|MId=o050010190231 38 בַּרְנֵֽעַ בַּרְנֵעַ PROPN _ _ 37 flat:name _ Ref=DEU_1:19!23|SpaceAfter=No 39 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 37 punct _ Ref=DEU_1:19!23 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | נִּסַּע *we set out* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | נֵּלֶךְ *we walked* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | נּוֹרָא *awesome* | participle active · niphal | | מִּדְבָּר *wilderness* | | | | רְאִיתֶם *you saw* | qatal · qal | | מִּדְבָּר *wilderness* | | | | צִוָּה *he had commanded* | qatal · piel | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | ָנוּ *us* | | | | נָּבֹא *we came* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וּנְטַלְנָא מֵחוֹרֵב וְהַלִיכְנָא יָת כָּל מַדְבְּרָא רַבָּא וּדְחִילָא הַהוּא דִי חֲזֵיתוּן אוֹרַח טוּרָא דֶאֱמוֹרָאָה כְּמָא דִי פַקִיד יְיָ אֱלָהָנָא יָתָנָא וַאֲתֵינָא עַד רְקַם גֵיאָה The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And we journeyed from Horeb, and went through all that great and dreadful wilderness which ye saw, by the way to the hill-country of the Amorites, as the LORD our God commanded us; and we came to Kadesh-barnea.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.18/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:DEU:18`. - ← previous: [Deuteronomy 1:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.1.18/) - next →: [Deuteronomy 1:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.1.20/) - ↑ back to [Deuteronomy 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/1/)