--- title: Deuteronomy 1:22 — And ye came near unto me every one of you, and said: 'Let us send me… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And ye came near unto me every one of you, and said: 'Let us send men before us, that they may search the land for us, and bring us back word of the way by which we must go up, and the cities unto which we shall come.' Who acts: ye, us, men, we. Deuteronomy 1:22 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, T --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.1.22/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Deuteronomy](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/1/) / 1:22 # Deuteronomy 1:22 דְּבָרִים **Who acts:** ye, us, men, we · **What happens:** come, say, let, send, search, bring back · **To what, where:** us, men, land, word, way · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Deuteronomy 1:22 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — ye, us, men, we — and what happens in the verse to us, men, land, word, way, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 34 chapters of Deuteronomy on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַתִּקְרְב֣וּן אֵלַי֮ כֻּלְּכֶם֒ וַתֹּאמְר֗וּ נִשְׁלְחָ֤ה אֲנָשִׁים֙ לְפָנֵ֔ינוּ וְיַחְפְּרוּ־לָ֖נוּ אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ וְיָשִׁ֤בוּ אֹתָ֙נוּ֙ דָּבָ֔ר אֶת־הַדֶּ֙רֶךְ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נַעֲלֶה־בָּ֔הּ וְאֵת֙ הֶֽעָרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָבֹ֖א אֲלֵיהֶֽן׃ [And ye came near unto me every one of you, and said: 'Let us send men before us, that they may search the land for us, and bring us back word of the way by which we must go up, and the cities unto which we shall come.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.21/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:DEU:21 # text = וַתִּקְרְב֣וּן אֵלַי֮ כֻּלְּכֶם֒ וַתֹּאמְר֗וּ נִשְׁלְחָ֤ה אֲנָשִׁים֙ לְפָנֵ֔ינוּ וְיַחְפְּרוּ־לָ֖נוּ אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ וְיָשִׁ֤בוּ אֹתָ֙נוּ֙ דָּבָ֔ר אֶת־הַדֶּ֙רֶךְ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נַעֲלֶה־בָּ֔הּ וְאֵת֙ הֶֽעָרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָבֹ֖א אֲלֵיהֶֽן׃ # verse = DEU.1.22 1-3 וַתִּקְרְב֣וּן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DEU_1:22!1|MId=o050010220011|Strong=2050b 2 תִּקְרְב֣וּ קָרַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=you|Ref=DEU_1:22!1|MId=o050010220012|Strong=7126|Frame=A0:050010220032;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 ן נ X _ _ 2 nmod _ Gloss=drew.near|Ref=DEU_1:22!1|MId=o050010220013|Strong=4993b|Type=paragogic_nun 4-5 אֵלַי֮ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 אֵל אֶל ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=DEU_1:22!2|MId=o050010220021|Strong=0413 5 ַי֮ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 2 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=DEU_1:22!2|MId=o050010220022|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 6-7 כֻּלְּכֶם֒ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 כֻּלּ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=of.you|Ref=DEU_1:22!3|MId=o050010220031|Strong=3605 7 ְכֶם֒ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ Gloss=all|Ref=DEU_1:22!3|MId=o050010220032|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 8-9 וַתֹּאמְר֗וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DEU_1:22!4|MId=o050010220041|Strong=2050b 9 תֹּאמְר֗וּ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 2 conj _ Gloss=you.said|Ref=DEU_1:22!4|MId=o050010220042|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:050010030121;|Type=wayyiqtol 10 נִשְׁלְחָ֤ה שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 9 ccomp _ Gloss=let.us.send.out|Ref=DEU_1:22!5|MId=o050010220051|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:050010050061;050010030121;A1:050010220061;|Type=cohortative 11 אֲנָשִׁים֙ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 10 obj _ Gloss=men|Ref=DEU_1:22!6|MId=o050010220061|Strong=0376 12-14 לְפָנֵ֔ינוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=DEU_1:22!7|MId=o050010220071|Strong=3807a 13 פָנֵ֔י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 10 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=DEU_1:22!7|MId=o050010220072|Strong=6440 14 נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ Gloss=us|Ref=DEU_1:22!7|MId=o050010220073|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 15-16 וְיַחְפְּרוּ־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=so|Ref=DEU_1:22!8|MId=o050010220081|Strong=2050b 16 יַחְפְּרוּ־ חָפַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 10 conj _ Gloss=that.they.may.spy.out|Ref=DEU_1:22!8|MId=o050010220082|Strong=2658|Frame=A0:050010220061;A1:050010220112;|Type=yiqtol 17-18 לָ֖נוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 ל לְ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=DEU_1:22!9|MId=o050010220091|Strong=3807a 18 ָ֖נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 16 obl _ Gloss=us|Ref=DEU_1:22!9|MId=o050010220092|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 19 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=DEU_1:22!10|MId=o050010220101|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 20-21 הָאָ֑רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 21 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=DEU_1:22!11|MId=o050010220111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 21 אָ֑רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 16 obj _ Gloss=land|Ref=DEU_1:22!11|MId=o050010220112|Strong=0776 22-23 וְיָשִׁ֤בוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DEU_1:22!12|MId=o050010220121|Strong=2050b 23 יָשִׁ֤בוּ שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 10 conj _ Gloss=so.that.they.may.bring.back|Ref=DEU_1:22!12|MId=o050010220122|Strong=7725|Frame=AA:050010220061;A0:050010220132;A1:050010220141;|Type=yiqtol 24-25 אֹתָ֙נוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 אֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=|Ref=DEU_1:22!13|MId=o050010220131|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 25 ָ֙נוּ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 23 obj _ Gloss=us|Ref=DEU_1:22!13|MId=o050010220132|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 26 דָּבָ֔ר דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 xcomp _ Gloss=word|Ref=DEU_1:22!14|MId=o050010220141|Strong=1697 27 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=DEU_1:22!15|MId=o050010220151|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 28-29 הַדֶּ֙רֶךְ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 29 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=DEU_1:22!16|MId=o050010220161|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 29 דֶּ֙רֶךְ֙ דֶּרֶךְ NOUN _ Number=Sing 26 appos _ Gloss=way|Ref=DEU_1:22!16|MId=o050010220162|Strong=1870 30 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 31 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=DEU_1:22!17|MId=o050010220171|Strong=0834|Type=relative 31 נַעֲלֶה־ עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 29 acl:relcl _ Gloss=we.will.go.up|Ref=DEU_1:22!18|MId=o050010220181|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:050010050061;050010030121;050010220061;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 32-33 בָּ֔הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 בּ בְּ ADP _ _ 33 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=DEU_1:22!19|MId=o050010220191|Strong=0871a 33 ָ֔הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=DEU_1:22!19|MId=o050010220192|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 34-35 וְאֵת֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 37 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DEU_1:22!20|MId=o050010220201|Strong=2050b 35 אֵת֙ אֵת ADP _ _ 37 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=DEU_1:22!20|MId=o050010220202|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 36-37 הֶֽעָרִ֔ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 הֶֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 37 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=DEU_1:22!21|MId=o050010220211|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 37 עָרִ֔ים עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 29 conj _ Gloss=cities|Ref=DEU_1:22!21|MId=o050010220212|Strong=5892 38 אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 39 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=DEU_1:22!22|MId=o050010220221|Strong=0834|Type=relative 39 נָבֹ֖א בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 37 acl:relcl _ Gloss=we.will.go|Ref=DEU_1:22!23|MId=o050010220231|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:050010050061;050010030121;050010220061;|Type=yiqtol 40-41 אֲלֵיהֶֽן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 אֲלֵי אֶל ADP _ _ 41 case _ Gloss=into|Ref=DEU_1:22!24|MId=o050010220241|Strong=0413 41 הֶֽן הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 39 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=DEU_1:22!24|MId=o050010220242|Strong=2004|Type=pronominal 42 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 41 punct _ Ref=DEU_1:22!24 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | תִּקְרְבוּ *you* | wayyiqtol · qal | ְכֶם *all* | | | | | תֹּאמְרוּ *you said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | נִשְׁלְחָה *let us send out* | cohortative · qal | | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | | | | יַחְפְּרוּ־ *that they may spy out* | yiqtol · qal | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | אָרֶץ *land* | | | | יָשִׁבוּ *so that they may bring back* | yiqtol · hiphil | ָנוּ *us* | דָּבָר *word* | | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | | נַעֲלֶה־ *we will go up* | yiqtol · qal | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | | | | | נָבֹא *we will go* | yiqtol · qal | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וּקְרֶבְתּוּן לְוָתִי כֻּלְכוֹן וַאֲמַרְתּוּן נִשְׁלַח גֻבְרִין קֳדָמָנָא וִיאַלְלוּן לָנָא יָת אַרְעָא וִיתִיבוּן יָתָנָא פִּתְגָמָא יָת אָרְחָא דִי נִסֵק בַּהּ וְיָת קִרְוַיָא דִי נֵעוֹל לְהֵן The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And ye came near unto me every one of you, and said: 'Let us send men before us, that they may search the land for us, and bring us back word of the way by which we must go up, and the cities unto which we shall come.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.21/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:DEU:21`. - ← previous: [Deuteronomy 1:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.1.21/) - next →: [Deuteronomy 1:23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.1.23/) - ↑ back to [Deuteronomy 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/1/)