--- title: Deuteronomy 1:31 — and in the wilderness, where thou hast seen how that the LORD thy Go… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: and in the wilderness, where thou hast seen how that the LORD thy God bore thee, as a man doth bear his son, in all the way that ye went, until ye came unto this place. Who acts: thou, LORD, man, ye. Deuteronomy 1:31 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.1.31/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Deuteronomy](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/1/) / 1:31 # Deuteronomy 1:31 דְּבָרִים **Who acts:** thou, LORD, man, ye · **What happens:** see, bear, go, come · **To what, where:** thee, son, way · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Deuteronomy 1:31 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — thou, LORD, man, ye — and what happens in the verse to thee, son, way, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 34 chapters of Deuteronomy on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וּבַמִּדְבָּר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר רָאִ֔יתָ אֲשֶׁ֤ר נְשָׂאֲךָ֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר יִשָּׂא־אִ֖ישׁאֶת־בְּנ֑וֹ בְּכָל־הַדֶּ֙רֶךְ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֲלַכְתֶּ֔ם עַד־בֹּאֲכֶ֖ם עַד־הַמָּק֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ [and in the wilderness, where thou hast seen how that the LORD thy God bore thee, as a man doth bear his son, in all the way that ye went, until ye came unto this place.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.30/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:DEU:30 # text = וּבַמִּדְבָּר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר רָאִ֔יתָ אֲשֶׁ֤ר נְשָׂאֲךָ֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר יִשָּׂא־אִ֖ישׁאֶת־בְּנ֑וֹ בְּכָל־הַדֶּ֙רֶךְ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֲלַכְתֶּ֔ם עַד־בֹּאֲכֶ֖ם עַד־הַמָּק֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ # verse = DEU.1.31 1-4 וּבַמִּדְבָּר֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 4 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DEU_1:31!1|MId=o050010310011|Strong=2050b 2 בַ בְּ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=DEU_1:31!1|MId=o050010310012|Strong=0871a 3 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=DEU_1:31!1|MId=o050010310012ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 מִּדְבָּר֙ מִדְבָּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=wilderness|Ref=DEU_1:31!1|MId=o050010310013|Strong=4057 5 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 6 mark _ Gloss=where|Ref=DEU_1:31!2|MId=o050010310021|Strong=0834|Type=relative 6 רָאִ֔יתָ רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 4 acl:relcl _ Gloss=you.saw|Ref=DEU_1:31!3|MId=o050010310031|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:050010030121;A1:050010310051;|Type=qatal 7 אֲשֶׁ֤ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 8 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=DEU_1:31!4|MId=o050010310041|Strong=0834|Type=relative 8-9 נְשָׂאֲךָ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 נְשָׂא נָשָׂא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 6 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he|Ref=DEU_1:31!5|MId=o050010310051|Strong=5375|Frame=A1:050010310052;A0:050010310061;|Type=qatal 9 ֲךָ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 8 obj _ Gloss=carried.you|Ref=DEU_1:31!5|MId=o050010310052|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 10 יְהוָ֣ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 8 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=DEU_1:31!6|MId=o050010310061|Strong=3068 11-12 אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 אֱלֹהֶ֔י אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 10 appos _ Gloss=God|Ref=DEU_1:31!7|MId=o050010310071|Strong=0430 12 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=DEU_1:31!7|MId=o050010310072|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 13-14 כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 כַּ כְּ ADP _ _ 8 obl _ Gloss=just|Ref=DEU_1:31!8|MId=o050010310081|Strong=3509a 14 אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 15 mark _ Gloss=as|Ref=DEU_1:31!8|MId=o050010310082|Strong=0834|Type=relative 15 יִשָּׂא־ נָשָׂא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 13 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.carries|Ref=DEU_1:31!9|MId=o050010310091|Strong=5375|Frame=A0:050010310101;A1:050010310121;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 16-17 אִ֖ישׁאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 אִ֖ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 nsubj _ Gloss=anyone|Ref=DEU_1:31!10|MId=o050010310101|Strong=0376 17 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=DEU_1:31!11|MId=o050010310111|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 18-19 בְּנ֑וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 בְּנ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 obj _ Gloss=child|Ref=DEU_1:31!12|MId=o050010310121|Strong=1121 19 ֑וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=DEU_1:31!12|MId=o050010310122|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 20-21 בְּכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=DEU_1:31!13|MId=o050010310131|Strong=0871a 21 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=DEU_1:31!13|MId=o050010310132|Strong=3605 22-23 הַדֶּ֙רֶךְ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 23 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=DEU_1:31!14|MId=o050010310141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 23 דֶּ֙רֶךְ֙ דֶּרֶךְ NOUN _ Number=Sing 21 compound:smixut _ Gloss=journey|Ref=DEU_1:31!14|MId=o050010310142|Strong=1870 24 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 25 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=DEU_1:31!15|MId=o050010310151|Strong=0834|Type=relative 25 הֲלַכְתֶּ֔ם הָלַךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 21 acl:relcl _ Gloss=you.walked|Ref=DEU_1:31!16|MId=o050010310161|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:050010030121;|Type=qatal 26 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=until|Ref=DEU_1:31!17|MId=o050010310171|Strong=5704|SpaceAfter=No 27-28 בֹּאֲכֶ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 בֹּא בּוֹא VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 6 advcl _ Gloss=came|Ref=DEU_1:31!18|MId=o050010310181|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:050010310182;|Type=infinitive_construct 28 ֲכֶ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 27 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=DEU_1:31!18|MId=o050010310182|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 29 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=DEU_1:31!19|MId=o050010310191|Strong=5704|SpaceAfter=No 30-31 הַמָּק֥וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 31 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=DEU_1:31!20|MId=o050010310201|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 31 מָּק֥וֹם מָקוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 obl _ Gloss=place|Ref=DEU_1:31!20|MId=o050010310202|Strong=4725 32-33 הַזֶּֽה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 33 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=DEU_1:31!21|MId=o050010310211|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 33 זֶּֽה זֶה DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 31 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=DEU_1:31!21|MId=o050010310212|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 34 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 33 punct _ Ref=DEU_1:31!21 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | רָאִיתָ *you saw* | qatal · qal | | נְשָׂא *he* | | | | נְשָׂא *he* | qatal · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | ֲךָ *carried you* | | | | יִשָּׂא־ *he carries* | yiqtol · qal | אִישׁ *anyone* | בְּנ *child* | | | | הֲלַכְתֶּם *you walked* | qatal · qal | | | | | | בֹּא *came* | infinitive construct · qal | ֲכֶם *you* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וּבְמַדְבְּרָא דִי חֲזֵיתָא דִי סוֹבְרָךְ יְיָ אֱלָהָךְ כְּמָא דִי מִסוֹבַר גַבְרָא יָת בְּרֵהּ בְּכָל אָרְחָא דִי הַלֶכְתּוּן עַד מֵיתֵיכוֹן עַד אַתְרָא הָדֵין The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [and in the wilderness, where thou hast seen how that the LORD thy God bore thee, as a man doth bear his son, in all the way that ye went, until ye came unto this place.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.30/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:DEU:30`. - ← previous: [Deuteronomy 1:30](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.1.30/) - next →: [Deuteronomy 1:32](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.1.32/) - ↑ back to [Deuteronomy 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/1/)