--- title: Deuteronomy 1:38 — Joshua the son of Nun, who standeth before thee, he shall go in thit… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Joshua the son of Nun, who standeth before thee, he shall go in thither; encourage thou him, for he shall cause Israel to inherit it. Who acts: Joshua, thou, LORD, Israel. Deuteronomy 1:38 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.1.38/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Deuteronomy](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/1/) / 1:38 # Deuteronomy 1:38 דְּבָרִים **Who acts:** Joshua, thou, LORD, Israel · **What happens:** stand, go in, encourage, cause, inherit · **To what, where:** thee, LORD, Israel, land This is Deuteronomy 1:38 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Joshua, thou, LORD, Israel — and what happens in the verse to thee, LORD, Israel, land, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 34 chapters of Deuteronomy on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. יְהוֹשֻׁ֤עַ בִּןנוּן֙ הָעֹמֵ֣ד לְפָנֶ֔יךָ ה֖וּא יָ֣בֹא שָׁ֑מָּה אֹת֣וֹ חַזֵּ֔ק כִּי־ה֖וּא יַנְחִלֶ֥נָּה אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ [Joshua the son of Nun, who standeth before thee, he shall go in thither; encourage thou him, for he shall cause Israel to inherit it.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.37/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:DEU:37 # text = יְהוֹשֻׁ֤עַ בִּןנוּן֙ הָעֹמֵ֣ד לְפָנֶ֔יךָ ה֖וּא יָ֣בֹא שָׁ֑מָּה אֹת֣וֹ חַזֵּ֔ק כִּי־ה֖וּא יַנְחִלֶ֥נָּה אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ # verse = DEU.1.38 1 יְהוֹשֻׁ֤עַ יְהֹושֻׁעַ PROPN _ _ 10 dislocated _ Gloss=Joshua|Ref=DEU_1:38!1|MId=o050010380011|Strong=3091 2-3 בִּןנוּן֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 בִּן בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 appos _ Gloss=the.son|Ref=DEU_1:38!2|MId=o050010380021|Strong=1121 3 נוּן֙ נוּן PROPN _ _ 2 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Nun|Ref=DEU_1:38!3|MId=o050010380031|Strong=5126 4-5 הָעֹמֵ֣ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 הָ הַ SCONJ _ _ 5 mark _ Gloss=[who]|Ref=DEU_1:38!4|MId=o050010380041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 עֹמֵ֣ד עָמַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 1 appos _ Gloss=stands|Ref=DEU_1:38!4|MId=o050010380042|Strong=5975|Frame=A0:050010380011;|Type=participle_active 6-8 לְפָנֶ֔יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=DEU_1:38!5|MId=o050010380051|Strong=3807a 7 פָנֶ֔י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 5 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=DEU_1:38!5|MId=o050010380052|Strong=6440 8 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 7 nmod:poss _ Gloss=you|Ref=DEU_1:38!5|MId=o050010380053|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 9 ה֖וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 nsubj _ Gloss=he|Ref=DEU_1:38!6|MId=o050010380061|Strong=1931|Type=personal 10 יָ֣בֹא בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.will.go|Ref=DEU_1:38!7|MId=o050010380071|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:050010380061;|Type=yiqtol 11-12 שָׁ֑מָּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 שָׁ֑מּ שָׁם ADV _ _ 10 advmod _ Gloss=to|Ref=DEU_1:38!8|MId=o050010380081|Strong=8033 12 ָה ה X _ _ 11 nmod _ Gloss=(to)|Ref=DEU_1:38!8|MId=o050010380082|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 13-14 אֹת֣וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 אֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=|Ref=DEU_1:38!9|MId=o050010380091|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 14 ֣וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 obj _ Gloss=him|Ref=DEU_1:38!9|MId=o050010380092|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 15 חַזֵּ֔ק חָזַק VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=2 10 parataxis _ Gloss=encourage|Ref=DEU_1:38!10|MId=o050010380101|Strong=2388|Frame=A0:050010050061;A1:050010380092;|Type=imperative 16 כִּי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 18 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=DEU_1:38!11|MId=o050010380111|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 17 ה֖וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nsubj _ Gloss=he|Ref=DEU_1:38!12|MId=o050010380121|Strong=1931|Type=personal 18-19 יַנְחִלֶ֥נָּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 יַנְחִל נָחַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 10 advcl _ Gloss=he|Ref=DEU_1:38!13|MId=o050010380131|Strong=5157|Frame=AA:050010380121;A1:050010380132;A0:050010380151;|Type=yiqtol 19 ֶ֥נָּה הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 obj _ Gloss=will.give.it.as.an.inheritance|Ref=DEU_1:38!13|MId=o050010380132|Strong=5089a|Type=pronominal 20 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=DEU_1:38!14|MId=o050010380141|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 21 יִשְׂרָאֵֽל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 18 xcomp _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=DEU_1:38!15|MId=o050010380151|Strong=3478|SpaceAfter=No 22 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 21 punct _ Ref=DEU_1:38!15 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | עֹמֵד *stands* | participle active · qal | יְהוֹשֻׁעַ *Joshua* | | | | | יָבֹא *he will go* | yiqtol · qal | הוּא *he* | | | | | חַזֵּק *encourage* | imperative · piel | | וֹ *him* | | | | יַנְחִל *he* | yiqtol · hiphil | יִשְׂרָאֵֽל *Israel* | ֶנָּה *will give it as an inheritance* | | הוּא *he* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בַּר נוּן דְקָאֵים קֳדָמָךְ הוּא יֵיעוֹל תַּמָן יָתֵהּ תַּקֵף אֲרֵי הוּא יַחְסְנִנַהּ לְיִשְׂרָאֵל The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Joshua the son of Nun, who standeth before thee, he shall go in thither; encourage thou him, for he shall cause Israel to inherit it.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.37/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:DEU:37`. - ← previous: [Deuteronomy 1:37](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.1.37/) - next →: [Deuteronomy 1:39](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.1.39/) - ↑ back to [Deuteronomy 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/1/)