--- title: Deuteronomy 12:2 — Ye shall surely destroy all the places, wherein the nations that ye… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Ye shall surely destroy all the places, wherein the nations that ye are to dispossess served their gods, upon the high mountains, and upon the hills, and under every leafy tree. Who acts: Ye, nations. Deuteronomy 12:2 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.12.2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Deuteronomy](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/) / [chapter 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/12/) / 12:2 # Deuteronomy 12:2 דְּבָרִים **Who acts:** Ye, nations · **What happens:** destroy, dispossess, serve · **To what, where:** places, nations, gods This is Deuteronomy 12:2 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Ye, nations — and what happens in the verse to places, nations, gods, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 34 chapters of Deuteronomy on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. אַבֵּ֣ד תְּ֠אַבְּדוּן אֶֽת־כָּל־הַמְּקֹמ֞וֹת אֲשֶׁ֧ר עָֽבְדוּ־שָׁ֣ם הַגּוֹיִ֗ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַתֶּ֛ם יֹרְשִׁ֥ים אֹתָ֖ם אֶת־אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֑ם עַל־הֶהָרִ֤ים הָֽרָמִים֙ וְעַל־הַגְּבָע֔וֹת וְתַ֖חַת כָּל־עֵ֥ץ רַעֲנָן׃ [Ye shall surely destroy all the places, wherein the nations that ye are to dispossess served their gods, upon the high mountains, and upon the hills, and under every leafy tree.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.352/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:DEU:349 # text = אַבֵּ֣ד תְּ֠אַבְּדוּן אֶֽת־כָּל־הַמְּקֹמ֞וֹת אֲשֶׁ֧ר עָֽבְדוּ־שָׁ֣ם הַגּוֹיִ֗ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַתֶּ֛ם יֹרְשִׁ֥ים אֹתָ֖ם אֶת־אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֑ם עַל־הֶהָרִ֤ים הָֽרָמִים֙ וְעַל־הַגְּבָע֔וֹת וְתַ֖חַת כָּל־עֵ֥ץ רַעֲנָן׃ # verse = DEU.12.2 1 אַבֵּ֣ד אָבַד VERB _ HebBinyan=PIEL 2 obl:npmod _ Gloss=certainly.(destroy)|Ref=DEU_12:2!1|MId=o050120020011|Strong=0006|Type=infinitive_absolute 2-3 תְּ֠אַבְּדוּן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 תְּ֠אַבְּדוּ אָבַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=you|Ref=DEU_12:2!2|MId=o050120020021|Strong=0006|Frame=A0:050110060261;A1:050120020052;|Type=yiqtol 3 ן נ X _ _ 2 nmod _ Gloss=will.destroy|Ref=DEU_12:2!2|MId=o050120020022|Strong=4993b|Type=paragogic_nun 4 אֶֽת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=DEU_12:2!3|MId=o050120020031|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 5 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=all|Ref=DEU_12:2!4|MId=o050120020041|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 6-7 הַמְּקֹמ֞וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=DEU_12:2!5|MId=o050120020051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 מְּקֹמ֞וֹת מָקוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=places|Ref=DEU_12:2!5|MId=o050120020052|Strong=4725 8 אֲשֶׁ֧ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 9 mark _ Gloss=where|Ref=DEU_12:2!6|MId=o050120020061|Strong=0834|Type=relative 9 עָֽבְדוּ־ עָבַד VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 5 acl:relcl _ Gloss=they.have.served|Ref=DEU_12:2!7|MId=o050120020071|Strong=5647|Frame=A0:050120020092;A1:050120020151;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 10 שָׁ֣ם שָׁם ADV _ _ 9 advmod _ Gloss=there|Ref=DEU_12:2!8|MId=o050120020081|Strong=8033 11-12 הַגּוֹיִ֗ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=DEU_12:2!9|MId=o050120020091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 גּוֹיִ֗ם גּוֹי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 9 nsubj _ Gloss=nations|Ref=DEU_12:2!9|MId=o050120020092|Strong=1471 13 אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 15 mark _ Gloss=whom|Ref=DEU_12:2!10|MId=o050120020101|Strong=0834|Type=relative 14 אַתֶּ֛ם אַתֶּם PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 15 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=DEU_12:2!11|MId=o050120020111|Strong=0859a|Type=personal 15 יֹרְשִׁ֥ים יָרַשׁ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 12 acl:relcl _ Gloss=[are].about.to.dispossess|Ref=DEU_12:2!12|MId=o050120020121|Strong=3423|Frame=A0:050120020111;A1:050120020132;|Type=participle_active 16-17 אֹתָ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 אֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=|Ref=DEU_12:2!13|MId=o050120020131|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 17 ָ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 obj _ Gloss=them|Ref=DEU_12:2!13|MId=o050120020132|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 18 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=DEU_12:2!14|MId=o050120020141|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 19-20 אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 אֱלֹהֵי אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 9 obj _ Gloss=gods|Ref=DEU_12:2!15|MId=o050120020151|Strong=0430 20 הֶ֑ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=DEU_12:2!15|MId=o050120020152|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 21 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=DEU_12:2!16|MId=o050120020161|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 22-23 הֶהָרִ֤ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 הֶ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 23 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=DEU_12:2!17|MId=o050120020171|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 23 הָרִ֤ים הַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 obl _ Gloss=mountains|Ref=DEU_12:2!17|MId=o050120020172|Strong=2022 24-25 הָֽרָמִים֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 הָֽ הַ SCONJ _ _ 25 mark _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=DEU_12:2!18|MId=o050120020181|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 25 רָמִים֙ רוּם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 23 acl:relcl _ Gloss=high|Ref=DEU_12:2!18|MId=o050120020182|Strong=7311|Type=participle_active 26-27 וְעַל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DEU_12:2!19|MId=o050120020191|Strong=2050b 27 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=DEU_12:2!19|MId=o050120020192|Strong=5921 28-29 הַגְּבָע֔וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 29 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=DEU_12:2!20|MId=o050120020201|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 29 גְּבָע֔וֹת גִּבְעָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 23 conj _ Gloss=hills|Ref=DEU_12:2!20|MId=o050120020202|Strong=1389 30-31 וְתַ֖חַת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 31 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DEU_12:2!21|MId=o050120020211|Strong=2050b 31 תַ֖חַת תַּחַת NOUN _ _ 23 conj _ Gloss=under|Ref=DEU_12:2!21|MId=o050120020212|Strong=8478 32 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 31 compound:smixut _ Gloss=every|Ref=DEU_12:2!22|MId=o050120020221|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 33 עֵ֥ץ עֵץ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 32 compound:smixut _ Gloss=tree|Ref=DEU_12:2!23|MId=o050120020231|Strong=6086 34 רַעֲנָן רַעֲנָן ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 33 amod _ Gloss=luxuriant|Ref=DEU_12:2!24|MId=o050120020241|Strong=7488|Type=adjective|SpaceAfter=No 35 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 34 punct _ Ref=DEU_12:2!24 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: request - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no - indirect: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | תְּאַבְּדוּ *you* | yiqtol · piel | | מְּקֹמוֹת *places* | | | | עָֽבְדוּ־ *they have served* | qatal · qal | גּוֹיִם *nations* | אֱלֹהֵי *gods* | | | | יֹרְשִׁים *\[are\] about to dispossess* | participle active · qal | אַתֶּם *you* | ָם *them* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} אַבָּדָא תְאַבְּדוּן יָת כָּל אַתְרַיָא דִי פְלָחוּ תַמָן עַמְמַיָא דִי אַתּוּן יָרְתִין יָתְהוֹן יָת טַעֲוָתְהוֹן עַל טוּרַיָא רָמַיָא וְעַל רָמָתָא וּתְחוֹת כָּל אִילַן עַבּוֹף The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Ye shall surely destroy all the places, wherein the nations that ye are to dispossess served their gods, upon the high mountains, and upon the hills, and under every leafy tree.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.352/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:DEU:349`. - ← previous: [Deuteronomy 12:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.12.1/) - next →: [Deuteronomy 12:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.12.3/) - ↑ back to [Deuteronomy 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/12/)