--- title: Deuteronomy 15:11 — For the poor shall never cease out of the land; therefore I command… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: For the poor shall never cease out of the land; therefore I command thee, saying: 'Thou shalt surely open thy hand unto thy poor and needy brother, in thy land.' Who acts: poor, I, Thou. Deuteronomy 15:11 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.15.11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Deuteronomy](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/) / [chapter 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/15/) / 15:11 # Deuteronomy 15:11 דְּבָרִים **Who acts:** poor, I, Thou · **What happens:** not cease, command, say, open · **To what, where:** land, thee, hand · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Deuteronomy 15:11 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — poor, I, Thou — and what happens in the verse to land, thee, hand, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 34 chapters of Deuteronomy on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. כִּ֛י לֹא־יֶחְדַּ֥ל אֶבְי֖וֹן מִקֶּ֣רֶב הָאָ֑רֶץ עַל־כֵּ֞ן אָנֹכִ֤י מְצַוְּךָ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר פָּ֠תֹחַ תִּפְתַּ֨ח אֶת־יָדְךָ֜ לְאָחִ֧יךָ לַעֲנִיֶּ֛ךָ וּלְאֶבְיֹנְךָ֖ בְּאַרְצֶֽךָ׃ס [For the poor shall never cease out of the land; therefore I command thee, saying: 'Thou shalt surely open thy hand unto thy poor and needy brother, in thy land.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.442/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:DEU:437 # text = כִּ֛י לֹא־יֶחְדַּ֥ל אֶבְי֖וֹן מִקֶּ֣רֶב הָאָ֑רֶץ עַל־כֵּ֞ן אָנֹכִ֤י מְצַוְּךָ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר פָּ֠תֹחַ תִּפְתַּ֨ח אֶת־יָדְךָ֜ לְאָחִ֧יךָ לַעֲנִיֶּ֛ךָ וּלְאֶבְיֹנְךָ֖ בְּאַרְצֶֽךָ׃ס # verse = DEU.15.11 1 כִּ֛י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 3 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=DEU_15:11!1|MId=o050150110011|Strong=3588 2 לֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 3 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=DEU_15:11!2|MId=o050150110021|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 3 יֶחְדַּ֥ל חָדַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.will.cease|Ref=DEU_15:11!3|MId=o050150110031|Strong=2308|Frame=A0:050150110041;|Type=yiqtol 4 אֶבְי֖וֹן אֶבְיוֹן ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ Gloss=[the].needy|Ref=DEU_15:11!4|MId=o050150110041|Strong=0034|Type=adjective 5-6 מִקֶּ֣רֶב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=DEU_15:11!5|MId=o050150110051|Strong=4480 6 קֶּ֣רֶב קֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 obl _ Gloss=the.midst|Ref=DEU_15:11!5|MId=o050150110052|Strong=7130 7-8 הָאָ֑רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 8 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=DEU_15:11!6|MId=o050150110061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 8 אָ֑רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.land|Ref=DEU_15:11!6|MId=o050150110062|Strong=0776 9 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=therefore|Ref=DEU_15:11!7|MId=o050150110071|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 10 כֵּ֞ן כֵּן ADV _ _ 3 conj _ Gloss=|Ref=DEU_15:11!8|MId=o050150110081|Strong=3651|Type=demonstrative 11 אָנֹכִ֤י אָנֹכִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 12 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=DEU_15:11!9|MId=o050150110091|Strong=0595|Type=personal 12-13 מְצַוְּךָ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 מְצַוּ צָוָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing 3 parataxis _ Gloss=[am].commanding|Ref=DEU_15:11!10|MId=o050150110101|Strong=6680|Frame=A0:050150110091;A1:050150110102;|Type=participle_active 13 ְךָ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 12 obj _ Gloss=you|Ref=DEU_15:11!10|MId=o050150110102|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 14-15 לֵאמֹ֔ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 17 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=DEU_15:11!11|MId=o050150110111|Strong=3807a 15 אמֹ֔ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 14 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=DEU_15:11!11|MId=o050150110112|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:050050010021;|Type=infinitive_construct 16 פָּ֠תֹחַ פָּתַח VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 17 obl:npmod _ Gloss=generously.(open)|Ref=DEU_15:11!12|MId=o050150110121|Strong=6605|Type=infinitive_absolute 17 תִּפְתַּ֨ח פָּתַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 12 ccomp _ Gloss=you.will.open|Ref=DEU_15:11!13|MId=o050150110131|Strong=6605|Frame=A0:050130120021;A1:050150110151;|Type=yiqtol 18 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=DEU_15:11!14|MId=o050150110141|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 19-20 יָדְךָ֜ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 יָד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 17 obj _ Gloss=hand|Ref=DEU_15:11!15|MId=o050150110151|Strong=3027 20 ְךָ֜ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=DEU_15:11!15|MId=o050150110152|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 21-23 לְאָחִ֧יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=DEU_15:11!16|MId=o050150110161|Strong=3807a 22 אָחִ֧י אָח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 obl _ Gloss=countryman|Ref=DEU_15:11!16|MId=o050150110162|Strong=0251 23 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 22 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=DEU_15:11!16|MId=o050150110163|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 24-26 לַעֲנִיֶּ֛ךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=DEU_15:11!17|MId=o050150110171|Strong=3807a 25 עֲנִיּ עָנִי ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 nmod _ Gloss=your.poor|Ref=DEU_15:11!17|MId=o050150110172|Strong=6041|Type=adjective 26 ֶ֛ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 25 nmod:poss _ Gloss=[person]|Ref=DEU_15:11!17|MId=o050150110173|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 27-30 וּלְאֶבְיֹנְךָ֖ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DEU_15:11!18|MId=o050150110181|Strong=2050b 28 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=DEU_15:11!18|MId=o050150110182|Strong=3807a 29 אֶבְיֹנ אֶבְיוֹן ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 conj _ Gloss=your.needy|Ref=DEU_15:11!18|MId=o050150110183|Strong=0034|Type=adjective 30 ְךָ֖ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 29 nmod:poss _ Gloss=[person]|Ref=DEU_15:11!18|MId=o050150110184|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 31-33 בְּאַרְצֶֽךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=DEU_15:11!19|MId=o050150110191|Strong=0871a 32 אַרְצ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 17 obl _ Gloss=land|Ref=DEU_15:11!19|MId=o050150110192|Strong=0776 33 ֶֽךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 32 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=DEU_15:11!19|MId=o050150110193|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 34 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 33 punct _ Ref=DEU_15:11!19|SpaceAfter=No 35 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 33 punct _ Ref=DEU_15:11!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - indirect: yes - the frame alone: decl · assert · neg | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** יֶחְדַּל *he will cease* | yiqtol · qal | אֶבְיוֹן *\[the\] needy* | | | | | מְצַוּ *\[am\] commanding* | participle active · piel | אָנֹכִי *I* | ְךָ *you* | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | | | | | | תִּפְתַּח *you will open* | yiqtol · qal | | יָד *hand* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} אֲרֵי לָא יִפְסוֹק מִסְכֵּנָא מִגוֹ אַרְעָא עַל כֵּן אֲנָא מְפַקְדָךְ לְמֵימַר מִפְתַּח תִּפְתַּח יָת יְדָךְ לַאֲחוּךְ לְעַנְיָךְ וּלְמִסְכֵּנָךְ בְּאַרְעָךְ The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [For the poor shall never cease out of the land; therefore I command thee, saying: 'Thou shalt surely open thy hand unto thy poor and needy brother, in thy land.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.442/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:DEU:437`. - ← previous: [Deuteronomy 15:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.15.10/) - next →: [Deuteronomy 15:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.15.12/) - ↑ back to [Deuteronomy 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/15/)