--- title: Deuteronomy 15:9 — Beware that there be not a base thought in thy heart, saying: 'The s… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Beware that there be not a base thought in thy heart, saying: 'The seventh year, the year of release, is at hand'; and thine eye be evil against thy needy brother, and thou give him nought; and he cry unto the LORD against thee, and it be sin in thee. Who acts: you, base thought, seventh year, eye. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.15.9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Deuteronomy](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/) / [chapter 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/15/) / 15:9 # Deuteronomy 15:9 דְּבָרִים **Who acts:** you, base thought, seventh year, eye, thou, hand · **What happens:** beware, not be, say, be, give, cry · **To what, where:** base thought, heart, hand, nought, thee, sin · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Deuteronomy 15:9 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — you, base thought, seventh year, eye, thou, hand — and what happens in the verse to base thought, heart, hand, nought, thee, sin, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 34 chapters of Deuteronomy on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. הִשָּׁ֣מֶר לְךָ֡ פֶּן־יִהְיֶ֣ה דָבָר֩ עִם־לְבָבְךָ֨ בְלִיַּ֜עַל לֵאמֹ֗ר קָֽרְבָ֣ה שְׁנַֽת־הַשֶּׁבַע֮ שְׁנַ֣ת הַשְּׁמִטָּה֒ וְרָעָ֣ה עֵֽינְךָ֗ בְּאָחִ֙יךָ֙ הָֽאֶבְי֔וֹן וְלֹ֥א תִתֵּ֖ן ל֑וֹ וְקָרָ֤א עָלֶ֙יךָ֙ אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה וְהָיָ֥ה בְךָ֖ חֵֽטְא׃ [Beware that there be not a base thought in thy heart, saying: 'The seventh year, the year of release, is at hand'; and thine eye be evil against thy needy brother, and thou give him nought; and he cry unto the LORD against thee, and it be sin in thee.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.440/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:DEU:435 # text = הִשָּׁ֣מֶר לְךָ֡ פֶּן־יִהְיֶ֣ה דָבָר֩ עִם־לְבָבְךָ֨ בְלִיַּ֜עַל לֵאמֹ֗ר קָֽרְבָ֣ה שְׁנַֽת־הַשֶּׁבַע֮ שְׁנַ֣ת הַשְּׁמִטָּה֒ וְרָעָ֣ה עֵֽינְךָ֗ בְּאָחִ֙יךָ֙ הָֽאֶבְי֔וֹן וְלֹ֥א תִתֵּ֖ן ל֑וֹ וְקָרָ֤א עָלֶ֙יךָ֙ אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה וְהָיָ֥ה בְךָ֖ חֵֽטְא׃ # verse = DEU.15.9 1 הִשָּׁ֣מֶר שָׁמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=take.heed|Ref=DEU_15:9!1|MId=o050150090011|Strong=8104|Frame=A0:050130120021;|Type=imperative 2-3 לְךָ֡ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 ל לְ ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=DEU_15:9!2|MId=o050150090021|Strong=3807a 3 ְךָ֡ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 1 obl _ Gloss=yourself|Ref=DEU_15:9!2|MId=o050150090022|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 4 פֶּן־ פֶּן SCONJ _ _ 10 mark _ Gloss=lest|Ref=DEU_15:9!3|MId=o050150090031|Strong=6435|SpaceAfter=No 5 יִהְיֶ֣ה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 10 cop _ Gloss=it.should.be|Ref=DEU_15:9!4|MId=o050150090041|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:050150090051;|Type=yiqtol 6 דָבָר֩ דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ Gloss=a.word|Ref=DEU_15:9!5|MId=o050150090051|Strong=1697 7 עִם־ עִם ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=DEU_15:9!6|MId=o050150090061|Strong=5973|SpaceAfter=No 8-9 לְבָבְךָ֨ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 לְבָב לֵבָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 obl _ Gloss=heart|Ref=DEU_15:9!7|MId=o050150090071|Strong=3824 9 ְךָ֨ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 8 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=DEU_15:9!7|MId=o050150090072|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 10 בְלִיַּ֜עַל בְּלִיַּעַל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 advcl _ Gloss=worthlessness|Ref=DEU_15:9!8|MId=o050150090081|Strong=1100 11-12 לֵאמֹ֗ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 13 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=DEU_15:9!9|MId=o050150090091|Strong=3807a 12 אמֹ֗ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 11 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=DEU_15:9!9|MId=o050150090092|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:050150090051;|Type=infinitive_construct 13 קָֽרְבָ֣ה קָרַב VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 10 advcl _ Gloss=it.has.drawn.near|Ref=DEU_15:9!10|MId=o050150090101|Strong=7126|Frame=A0:050150090111;|Type=qatal 14 שְׁנַֽת־ שָׁנָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 13 nsubj _ Gloss=the.year|Ref=DEU_15:9!11|MId=o050150090111|Strong=8141|SpaceAfter=No 15-16 הַשֶּׁבַע֮ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=DEU_15:9!12|MId=o050150090121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 שֶּׁבַע֮ שֶׁבַע NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 14 nummod _ Gloss=the.seven|Ref=DEU_15:9!12|MId=o050150090122|Strong=7651|Type=cardinal_number 17 שְׁנַ֣ת שָׁנָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 14 appos _ Gloss=the.year|Ref=DEU_15:9!13|MId=o050150090131|Strong=8141 18-19 הַשְּׁמִטָּה֒ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 19 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=DEU_15:9!14|MId=o050150090141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 19 שְּׁמִטָּה֒ שְׁמִטָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 17 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.remission|Ref=DEU_15:9!14|MId=o050150090142|Strong=8059 20-21 וְרָעָ֣ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DEU_15:9!15|MId=o050150090151|Strong=2050b 21 רָעָ֣ה רָעַע VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 conj _ Gloss=it.will.be.evil|Ref=DEU_15:9!15|MId=o050150090152|Strong=7489|Frame=A0:050150090161;|Type=weqatal 22-23 עֵֽינְךָ֗ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 עֵֽינ עַיִן NOUN _ Number=Sing 21 nsubj _ Gloss=eye|Ref=DEU_15:9!16|MId=o050150090161|Strong=5869 23 ְךָ֗ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 22 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=DEU_15:9!16|MId=o050150090162|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 24-26 בְּאָחִ֙יךָ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=DEU_15:9!17|MId=o050150090171|Strong=0871a 25 אָחִ֙י אָח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 obl _ Gloss=countryman|Ref=DEU_15:9!17|MId=o050150090172|Strong=0251 26 ךָ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 25 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=DEU_15:9!17|MId=o050150090173|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 27-28 הָֽאֶבְי֔וֹן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 הָֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 28 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=DEU_15:9!18|MId=o050150090181|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 28 אֶבְי֔וֹן אֶבְיוֹן ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 amod _ Gloss=needy|Ref=DEU_15:9!18|MId=o050150090182|Strong=0034|Type=adjective 29-30 וְלֹ֥א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 31 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DEU_15:9!19|MId=o050150090191|Strong=2050b 30 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 31 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=DEU_15:9!19|MId=o050150090192|Strong=3808|Type=negative 31 תִתֵּ֖ן נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 1 conj _ Gloss=you.will.give|Ref=DEU_15:9!20|MId=o050150090201|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:050130120021;|Type=yiqtol 32-33 ל֑וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 ל לְ ADP _ _ 33 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=DEU_15:9!21|MId=o050150090211|Strong=3807a 33 ֑וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=DEU_15:9!21|MId=o050150090212|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 34-35 וְקָרָ֤א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 35 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DEU_15:9!22|MId=o050150090221|Strong=2050b 35 קָרָ֤א קָרָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 conj _ Gloss=he.will.call.out|Ref=DEU_15:9!22|MId=o050150090222|Strong=7121|Frame=A0:050150090172;|Type=weqatal 36-37 עָלֶ֙יךָ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 עָלֶ֙י עַל ADP _ _ 37 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=DEU_15:9!23|MId=o050150090231|Strong=5921 37 ךָ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 35 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=DEU_15:9!23|MId=o050150090232|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 38 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 39 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=DEU_15:9!24|MId=o050150090241|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 39 יְהוָ֔ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 35 obl _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=DEU_15:9!25|MId=o050150090251|Strong=3068 40-41 וְהָיָ֥ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 43 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DEU_15:9!26|MId=o050150090261|Strong=2050b 41 הָיָ֥ה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 43 cop _ Gloss=it.will.be|Ref=DEU_15:9!26|MId=o050150090262|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:050150090281;|Type=weqatal 42-43 בְךָ֖ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 ב בְּ ADP _ _ 43 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=DEU_15:9!27|MId=o050150090271|Strong=0871a 43 ְךָ֖ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 1 conj _ Gloss=you|Ref=DEU_15:9!27|MId=o050150090272|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 44 חֵֽטְא חֵטְא NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 43 nsubj _ Gloss=sin|Ref=DEU_15:9!28|MId=o050150090281|Strong=2399|SpaceAfter=No 45 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 44 punct _ Ref=DEU_15:9!28 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - indirect: yes - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הִשָּׁמֶר *take heed* | imperative · niphal | | | | | | יִהְיֶה *it should be* | yiqtol · qal | דָבָר *a word* | | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | דָבָר *a word* | | | | | קָֽרְבָה *it has drawn near* | qatal · qal | שְׁנַֽת־ *the year* | | | | | רָעָה *it will be evil* | weqatal · qal | עֵֽינ *eye* | | | | | **not** תִתֵּן *you will give* | yiqtol · qal | | | | | | קָרָא *he will call out* | weqatal · qal | אָחִי *countryman* | | | | | הָיָה *it will be* | weqatal · qal | חֵֽטְא *sin* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} אִסְתַּמַר לָךְ דִילְמָא יְהֵי פִתְגָם עִם לִבָּךְ בִּרְשַׁע לְמֵימַר קְרִיבָא שַׁתָּא שְׁבִיעֲתָא שַׁתָּא דִשְׁמִטְתָא וְתַבְאֵשׁ עֵינָךְ בְּאָחוּךְ מִסְכֵּנָא וְלָא תִתֵּן לֵהּ וְיִקְרֵי עֲלָךְ קֳדָם יְיָ וִיהֵי בָךְ חוֹבָא The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Beware that there be not a base thought in thy heart, saying: 'The seventh year, the year of release, is at hand'; and thine eye be evil against thy needy brother, and thou give him nought; and he cry unto the LORD against thee, and it be sin in thee.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.440/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:DEU:435`. - ← previous: [Deuteronomy 15:8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.15.8/) - next →: [Deuteronomy 15:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.15.10/) - ↑ back to [Deuteronomy 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/15/)