--- title: Deuteronomy 19:15 — One witness shall not rise up against a man for any iniquity, or for… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: One witness shall not rise up against a man for any iniquity, or for any sin, in any sin that he sinneth; at the mouth of two witnesses, or at the mouth of three witnesses, shall a matter be establishment Who acts: One witness, witness, matter. Deuteronomy 19:15 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, T --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.19.15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Deuteronomy](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/) / [chapter 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/19/) / 19:15 # Deuteronomy 19:15 דְּבָרִים **Who acts:** One witness, witness, matter · **What happens:** not rise up, sin, be · **To what, where:** sin, establishment, mouth This is Deuteronomy 19:15 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — One witness, witness, matter — and what happens in the verse to sin, establishment, mouth, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 34 chapters of Deuteronomy on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. לֹֽא־יָקוּם֩ עֵ֨ד אֶחָ֜ד בְּאִ֗ישׁ לְכָל־עָוֺן֙ וּלְכָל־חַטָּ֔את בְּכָל־חֵ֖טְא אֲשֶׁ֣ר יֶֽחֱטָ֑א עַל־פִּ֣י ׀ שְׁנֵ֣י עֵדִ֗ים א֛וֹ עַל־פִּ֥י שְׁלֹשָֽׁה־עֵדִ֖ים יָק֥וּם דָּבָֽר׃ [One witness shall not rise up against a man for any iniquity, or for any sin, in any sin that he sinneth; at the mouth of two witnesses, or at the mouth of three witnesses, shall a matter be establishment](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.535/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:DEU:528 # text = לֹֽא־יָקוּם֩ עֵ֨ד אֶחָ֜ד בְּאִ֗ישׁ לְכָל־עָוֺן֙ וּלְכָל־חַטָּ֔את בְּכָל־חֵ֖טְא אֲשֶׁ֣ר יֶֽחֱטָ֑א עַל־פִּ֣י ׀ שְׁנֵ֣י עֵדִ֗ים א֛וֹ עַל־פִּ֥י שְׁלֹשָֽׁה־עֵדִ֖ים יָק֥וּם דָּבָֽר׃ # verse = DEU.19.15 1 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 2 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=DEU_19:15!1|MId=o050190150011|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 2 יָקוּם֩ קוּם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.will.stand|Ref=DEU_19:15!2|MId=o050190150021|Strong=6965|Frame=A0:050190150031;|Type=yiqtol 3 עֵ֨ד עֵד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=a.witness|Ref=DEU_19:15!3|MId=o050190150031|Strong=5707 4 אֶחָ֜ד אֶחָד NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 nummod _ Gloss=one|Ref=DEU_19:15!4|MId=o050190150041|Strong=0259|Type=cardinal_number 5-6 בְּאִ֗ישׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=DEU_19:15!5|MId=o050190150051|Strong=0871a 6 אִ֗ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=anyone|Ref=DEU_19:15!5|MId=o050190150052|Strong=0376 7-8 לְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=DEU_19:15!6|MId=o050190150061|Strong=3807a 8 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=any|Ref=DEU_19:15!6|MId=o050190150062|Strong=3605 9 עָוֺן֙ עָוֺן NOUN _ Number=Sing 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=iniquity|Ref=DEU_19:15!7|MId=o050190150071|Strong=5771 10-12 וּלְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DEU_19:15!8|MId=o050190150081|Strong=2050b 11 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=DEU_19:15!8|MId=o050190150082|Strong=3807a 12 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 conj _ Gloss=any|Ref=DEU_19:15!8|MId=o050190150083|Strong=3605 13 חַטָּ֔את חַטָּאת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=sin|Ref=DEU_19:15!9|MId=o050190150091|Strong=2403 14-15 בְּכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=DEU_19:15!10|MId=o050190150101|Strong=0871a 15 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 29 obl _ Gloss=any|Ref=DEU_19:15!10|MId=o050190150102|Strong=3605 16 חֵ֖טְא חֵטְא NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 compound:smixut _ Gloss=sin|Ref=DEU_19:15!11|MId=o050190150111|Strong=2399 17 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 18 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=DEU_19:15!12|MId=o050190150121|Strong=0834|Type=relative 18 יֶֽחֱטָ֑א חָטָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 15 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.will.sin|Ref=DEU_19:15!13|MId=o050190150131|Strong=2398|Frame=A0:050190150052;A1:050190150111;|Type=yiqtol 19 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=DEU_19:15!14|MId=o050190150141|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 20 פִּ֣י פֶּה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 29 obl _ Gloss=[the].mouth|Ref=DEU_19:15!15|MId=o050190150151|Strong=6310 21 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 20 punct _ Ref=DEU_19:15!15 22 שְׁנֵ֣י שְׁנַיִם NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Dual 23 nummod _ Gloss=of.two|Ref=DEU_19:15!16|MId=o050190150161|Strong=8147|Type=cardinal_number 23 עֵדִ֗ים עֵד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 20 compound:smixut _ Gloss=witnesses|Ref=DEU_19:15!17|MId=o050190150171|Strong=5707 24 א֛וֹ אוֹ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=or|Ref=DEU_19:15!18|MId=o050190150181|Strong=0176 25 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=DEU_19:15!19|MId=o050190150191|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 26 פִּ֥י פֶּה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 conj _ Gloss=[the].mouth|Ref=DEU_19:15!20|MId=o050190150201|Strong=6310 27 שְׁלֹשָֽׁה־ שָׁלֹשׁ NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 28 nummod _ Gloss=of.three|Ref=DEU_19:15!21|MId=o050190150211|Strong=7969|Type=cardinal_number|SpaceAfter=No 28 עֵדִ֖ים עֵד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 26 compound:smixut _ Gloss=witnesses|Ref=DEU_19:15!22|MId=o050190150221|Strong=5707 29 יָק֥וּם קוּם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=it.will.stand|Ref=DEU_19:15!23|MId=o050190150231|Strong=6965|Frame=A0:050190150241;|Type=yiqtol 30 דָּבָֽר דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 29 nsubj _ Gloss=a.matter|Ref=DEU_19:15!24|MId=o050190150241|Strong=1697|SpaceAfter=No 31 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 30 punct _ Ref=DEU_19:15!24 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** יָקוּם *he will stand* | yiqtol · qal | עֵד *a witness* | | | | | יֶֽחֱטָא *he will sin* | yiqtol · qal | אִישׁ *anyone* | חֵטְא *sin* | | | | יָקוּם *it will stand* | yiqtol · qal | דָּבָֽר *a matter* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} לָא יְקוּם סָהִיד חַד בִּגְבַר לְכָל עַוָיָן וּלְכָל חוֹבִין בְּכָל חֵט דִי יֶחְטֵי עַל מֵימַר תְּרֵין סָהֲדִין אוֹ עַל מֵימַר תְּלָתָא סָהֲדִין יִתְקַיַם פִּתְגָמָא The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [One witness shall not rise up against a man for any iniquity, or for any sin, in any sin that he sinneth; at the mouth of two witnesses, or at the mouth of three witnesses, shall a matter be establishment](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.535/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:DEU:528`. - ← previous: [Deuteronomy 19:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.19.14/) - next →: [Deuteronomy 19:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.19.16/) - ↑ back to [Deuteronomy 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/19/)