--- title: Deuteronomy 19:5 — as when a man goeth into the forest with his neighbour to hew wood,… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: as when a man goeth into the forest with his neighbour to hew wood, and his hand fetcheth a stroke with the axe to cut down the tree, and the head slippeth from the helve, and lighteth upon his neighbour, that he die; he shall flee unto one of these cities and live; Who acts: man, hand, head. Deuter --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.19.5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Deuteronomy](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/) / [chapter 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/19/) / 19:5 # Deuteronomy 19:5 דְּבָרִים **Who acts:** man, hand, head · **What happens:** go, hew, fetch, cut down, slip, light · **To what, where:** forest, wood, stroke, tree This is Deuteronomy 19:5 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — man, hand, head — and what happens in the verse to forest, wood, stroke, tree, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 34 chapters of Deuteronomy on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַאֲשֶׁר֩ יָבֹ֨א אֶת־רֵעֵ֥הוּ בַיַּעַר֮ לַחְטֹ֣ב עֵצִים֒ וְנִדְּחָ֨ה יָד֤וֹ בַגַּרְזֶן֙ לִכְרֹ֣ת הָעֵ֔ץ וְנָשַׁ֤ל הַבַּרְזֶל֙ מִן־הָעֵ֔ץ וּמָצָ֥א אֶת־רֵעֵ֖הוּ וָמֵ֑ת ה֗וּא יָנ֛וּס אֶל־אַחַ֥ת הֶעָרִים־הָאֵ֖לֶּה וָחָֽי׃ [as when a man goeth into the forest with his neighbour to hew wood, and his hand fetcheth a stroke with the axe to cut down the tree, and the head slippeth from the helve, and lighteth upon his neighbour, that he die; he shall flee unto one of these cities and live;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.525/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:DEU:518 # text = וַאֲשֶׁר֩ יָבֹ֨א אֶת־רֵעֵ֥הוּ בַיַּעַר֮ לַחְטֹ֣ב עֵצִים֒ וְנִדְּחָ֨ה יָד֤וֹ בַגַּרְזֶן֙ לִכְרֹ֣ת הָעֵ֔ץ וְנָשַׁ֤ל הַבַּרְזֶל֙ מִן־הָעֵ֔ץ וּמָצָ֥א אֶת־רֵעֵ֖הוּ וָמֵ֑ת ה֗וּא יָנ֛וּס אֶל־אַחַ֥ת הֶעָרִים־הָאֵ֖לֶּה וָחָֽי׃ # verse = DEU.19.5 1-2 וַאֲשֶׁר֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 39 cc _ Gloss=and.[one]|Ref=DEU_19:5!1|MId=o050190050011|Strong=2050b 2 אֲשֶׁר֩ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 3 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=DEU_19:5!1|MId=o050190050012|Strong=0834|Type=relative 3 יָבֹ֨א בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 39 dislocated _ Gloss=he.will.go|Ref=DEU_19:5!2|MId=o050190050021|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:;|Type=yiqtol 4 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=DEU_19:5!3|MId=o050190050031|Strong=0854|SpaceAfter=No 5-6 רֵעֵ֥הוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 רֵע רֵעַ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 obl _ Gloss=companion|Ref=DEU_19:5!4|MId=o050190050041|Strong=7453 6 ֵ֥הוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=DEU_19:5!4|MId=o050190050042|Strong=1930a|Type=pronominal 7-9 בַיַּעַר֮ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 בַ בְּ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=DEU_19:5!5|MId=o050190050051|Strong=0871a 8 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=DEU_19:5!5|MId=o050190050051ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 יַּעַר֮ יַעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 obl _ Gloss=forest|Ref=DEU_19:5!5|MId=o050190050052|Strong=3293 10-11 לַחְטֹ֣ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=DEU_19:5!6|MId=o050190050061|Strong=3807a 11 חְטֹ֣ב חָטַב VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 3 advcl _ Gloss=cut|Ref=DEU_19:5!6|MId=o050190050062|Strong=2404|Frame=A0:050190050092;A1:050190050071;|Type=infinitive_construct 12 עֵצִים֒ עֵץ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 11 obj _ Gloss=wood(s)|Ref=DEU_19:5!7|MId=o050190050071|Strong=6086 13-14 וְנִדְּחָ֨ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DEU_19:5!8|MId=o050190050081|Strong=2050b 14 נִדְּחָ֨ה נָדַח VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=it.will.be.impelled|Ref=DEU_19:5!8|MId=o050190050082|Strong=5080a|Frame=A1:050190050091;|Type=weqatal 15-16 יָד֤וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 יָד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 14 nsubj _ Gloss=hand|Ref=DEU_19:5!9|MId=o050190050091|Strong=3027 16 ֤וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=DEU_19:5!9|MId=o050190050092|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 17-19 בַגַּרְזֶן֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 בַ בְּ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=DEU_19:5!10|MId=o050190050101|Strong=0871a 18 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 19 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=DEU_19:5!10|MId=o050190050101ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 19 גַּרְזֶן֙ גַּרְזֶן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 obl _ Gloss=axe|Ref=DEU_19:5!10|MId=o050190050102|Strong=1631 20-21 לִכְרֹ֣ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=DEU_19:5!11|MId=o050190050111|Strong=3807a 21 כְרֹ֣ת כָּרַת VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 14 advcl _ Gloss=cut.down|Ref=DEU_19:5!11|MId=o050190050112|Strong=3772|Frame=A0:050190050092;A1:050190050122;|Type=infinitive_construct 22-23 הָעֵ֔ץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 23 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=DEU_19:5!12|MId=o050190050121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 23 עֵ֔ץ עֵץ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 obj _ Gloss=tree|Ref=DEU_19:5!12|MId=o050190050122|Strong=6086 24-25 וְנָשַׁ֤ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DEU_19:5!13|MId=o050190050131|Strong=2050b 25 נָשַׁ֤ל נָשַׁל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=it.will.slip.off|Ref=DEU_19:5!13|MId=o050190050132|Strong=5394|Frame=A0:050190050142;|Type=weqatal 26-27 הַבַּרְזֶל֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 27 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=DEU_19:5!14|MId=o050190050141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 27 בַּרְזֶל֙ בַּרְזֶל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 nsubj _ Gloss=iron|Ref=DEU_19:5!14|MId=o050190050142|Strong=1270 28 מִן־ מִן ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=DEU_19:5!15|MId=o050190050151|Strong=4480|SpaceAfter=No 29-30 הָעֵ֔ץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 30 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=DEU_19:5!16|MId=o050190050161|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 30 עֵ֔ץ עֵץ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 obl _ Gloss=tree|Ref=DEU_19:5!16|MId=o050190050162|Strong=6086 31-32 וּמָצָ֥א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 32 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DEU_19:5!17|MId=o050190050171|Strong=2050b 32 מָצָ֥א מָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=it.will.find|Ref=DEU_19:5!17|MId=o050190050172|Strong=4672|Frame=A0:050190050142;A1:050190050191;|Type=weqatal 33 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 34 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=DEU_19:5!18|MId=o050190050181|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 34-35 רֵעֵ֖הוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 רֵע רֵעַ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 32 obj _ Gloss=companion|Ref=DEU_19:5!19|MId=o050190050191|Strong=7453 35 ֵ֖הוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 34 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=DEU_19:5!19|MId=o050190050192|Strong=1930a|Type=pronominal 36-37 וָמֵ֑ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 37 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DEU_19:5!20|MId=o050190050201|Strong=2050b 37 מֵ֑ת מוּת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=he.will.die|Ref=DEU_19:5!20|MId=o050190050202|Strong=4191|Frame=A0:050190050191;|Type=weqatal 38 ה֗וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 39 nsubj _ Gloss=he|Ref=DEU_19:5!21|MId=o050190050211|Strong=1931|Type=personal 39 יָנ֛וּס נוּס VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.will.flee|Ref=DEU_19:5!22|MId=o050190050221|Strong=5127|Frame=A0:050190050211;|Type=yiqtol 40 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 43 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=DEU_19:5!23|MId=o050190050231|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 41 אַחַ֥ת אֶחָד NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 43 nummod _ Gloss=one|Ref=DEU_19:5!24|MId=o050190050241|Strong=0259|Type=cardinal_number 42-43 הֶעָרִים־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 הֶ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 43 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=DEU_19:5!25|MId=o050190050251|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 43 עָרִים־ עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 39 obl _ Gloss=the.cities|Ref=DEU_19:5!25|MId=o050190050252|Strong=5892 44-45 הָאֵ֖לֶּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 45 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=DEU_19:5!26|MId=o050190050261|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 45 אֵ֖לֶּה אֵלֶּה DET _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 43 det _ Gloss=these|Ref=DEU_19:5!26|MId=o050190050262|Strong=0428|Type=demonstrative 46-47 וָחָֽי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 47 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DEU_19:5!27|MId=o050190050271|Strong=2050b 47 חָֽי חיה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 39 conj _ Gloss=he.will.live|Ref=DEU_19:5!27|MId=o050190050272|Strong=2421|Frame=A0:050190050021;|Type=weqatal 48 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 47 punct _ Ref=DEU_19:5!27 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יָבֹא *he will go* | yiqtol · qal | | | | | | חְטֹב *cut* | infinitive construct · qal | וֹ *his* | עֵצִים *wood(s)* | | | | נִדְּחָה *it will be impelled* | weqatal · niphal | | יָד *hand* | | | | כְרֹת *cut down* | infinitive construct · qal | וֹ *his* | עֵץ *tree* | | | | נָשַׁל *it will slip off* | weqatal · qal | בַּרְזֶל *iron* | | | | | מָצָא *it will find* | weqatal · qal | בַּרְזֶל *iron* | רֵע *companion* | | | | מֵת *he will die* | weqatal · qal | רֵע *companion* | | | | | יָנוּס *he will flee* | yiqtol · qal | הוּא *he* | | | | | חָֽי *he will live* | weqatal · qal | יָבֹא *he will go* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וְדִי יֵעוֹל עִם חַבְרֵהּ בְּחֻרְשָׁא לְמִקַץ אָעִין וְתִתְמְרֵיג יְדֵהּ בְּפַרְזְלָא לְמִקַץ אָעָא וְיִשְׁתְּלֵף פַּרְזְלָא מִן אָעָא וְיַשְׁכַּח יָת חַבְרֵהּ וִימוּת הוּא יֵעִרוֹק לַחֲדָא מִן קִרְוַיָא הָאִלֵין וְיִתְקַיַם The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [as when a man goeth into the forest with his neighbour to hew wood, and his hand fetcheth a stroke with the axe to cut down the tree, and the head slippeth from the helve, and lighteth upon his neighbour, that he die; he shall flee unto one of these cities and live;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.525/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:DEU:518`. - ← previous: [Deuteronomy 19:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.19.4/) - next →: [Deuteronomy 19:6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.19.6/) - ↑ back to [Deuteronomy 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/19/)