--- title: Deuteronomy 20:1 — When thou goest forth to battle against thine enemies, and seest hor… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: When thou goest forth to battle against thine enemies, and seest horses, and chariots, and a people more than thou, thou shalt not be afraid of them; for the LORD thy God is with thee, who brought thee up out of the land of Egypt. Who acts: thou, LORD. Deuteronomy 20:1 in Hebrew with its dependency --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.20.1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Deuteronomy](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/) / [chapter 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/20/) / 20:1 # Deuteronomy 20:1 דְּבָרִים **Who acts:** thou, LORD · **What happens:** go, battle, see, not be, be, bring up · **To what, where:** horses, thee, land This is Deuteronomy 20:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — thou, LORD — and what happens in the verse to horses, thee, land, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 34 chapters of Deuteronomy on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. כִּֽי־תֵצֵ֨א לַמִּלְחָמָ֜ה עַל־אֹיְבֶ֗יךָ וְֽרָאִ֜יתָ ס֤וּס וָרֶ֙כֶב֙ עַ֚ם רַ֣ב מִמְּךָ֔ לֹ֥א תִירָ֖א מֵהֶ֑ם כִּֽי־יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ עִמָּ֔ךְ הַמַּֽעַלְךָ֖ מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ [When thou goest forth to battle against thine enemies, and seest horses, and chariots, and a people more than thou, thou shalt not be afraid of them; for the LORD thy God is with thee, who brought thee up out of the land of Egypt.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.542/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:DEU:535 # text = כִּֽי־תֵצֵ֨א לַמִּלְחָמָ֜ה עַל־אֹיְבֶ֗יךָ וְֽרָאִ֜יתָ ס֤וּס וָרֶ֙כֶב֙ עַ֚ם רַ֣ב מִמְּךָ֔ לֹ֥א תִירָ֖א מֵהֶ֑ם כִּֽי־יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ עִמָּ֔ךְ הַמַּֽעַלְךָ֖ מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ # verse = DEU.20.1 1 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 2 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=DEU_20:1!1|MId=o050200010011|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 2 תֵצֵ֨א יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=you.will.go.out|Ref=DEU_20:1!2|MId=o050200010021|Strong=3318|Frame=A0:050190130082;|Type=yiqtol 3-5 לַמִּלְחָמָ֜ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=DEU_20:1!3|MId=o050200010031|Strong=3807a 4 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=DEU_20:1!3|MId=o050200010031ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 מִּלְחָמָ֜ה מִלְחָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=war|Ref=DEU_20:1!3|MId=o050200010032|Strong=4421 6 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=DEU_20:1!4|MId=o050200010041|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 7-8 אֹיְבֶ֗יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 אֹיְבֶ֗י אָיַב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 2 obl _ Gloss=enemies|Ref=DEU_20:1!5|MId=o050200010051|Strong=0341|Type=participle_active 8 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 7 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=DEU_20:1!5|MId=o050200010052|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 9-10 וְֽרָאִ֜יתָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וְֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DEU_20:1!6|MId=o050200010061|Strong=2050b 10 רָאִ֜יתָ רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 conj _ Gloss=you.will.see|Ref=DEU_20:1!6|MId=o050200010062|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:050190130082;A1:050200010071;050200010082;050200010091;|Type=weqatal 11 ס֤וּס סוּס NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 obj _ Gloss=horse|Ref=DEU_20:1!7|MId=o050200010071|Strong=5483 12-13 וָרֶ֙כֶב֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DEU_20:1!8|MId=o050200010081|Strong=2050b 13 רֶ֙כֶב֙ רֶכֶב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 conj _ Gloss=chariot|Ref=DEU_20:1!8|MId=o050200010082|Strong=7393 14 עַ֚ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 conj _ Gloss=a.people|Ref=DEU_20:1!9|MId=o050200010091|Strong=5971 15 רַ֣ב רַב ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 amod _ Gloss=great|Ref=DEU_20:1!10|MId=o050200010101|Strong=7227|Type=adjective 16-17 מִמְּךָ֔ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 מִמּ מִן ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=more|Ref=DEU_20:1!11|MId=o050200010111|Strong=4480 17 ְךָ֔ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 15 nmod _ Gloss=than.you|Ref=DEU_20:1!11|MId=o050200010112|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 18 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 19 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=DEU_20:1!12|MId=o050200010121|Strong=3808|Type=negative 19 תִירָ֖א יָרֵא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 parataxis _ Gloss=you.must.be.afraid|Ref=DEU_20:1!13|MId=o050200010131|Strong=3372|Frame=A0:050190130082;|Type=yiqtol 20-21 מֵהֶ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=DEU_20:1!14|MId=o050200010141|Strong=4480 21 הֶ֑ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=DEU_20:1!14|MId=o050200010142|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 22 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 27 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=DEU_20:1!15|MId=o050200010151|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 23 יְהוָ֤ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 27 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=DEU_20:1!16|MId=o050200010161|Strong=3068 24-25 אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 אֱלֹהֶ֙י אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 23 appos _ Gloss=God|Ref=DEU_20:1!17|MId=o050200010171|Strong=0430 25 ךָ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=DEU_20:1!17|MId=o050200010172|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 26-27 עִמָּ֔ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 עִמּ עִם ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=[is].with|Ref=DEU_20:1!18|MId=o050200010181|Strong=5973 27 ָ֔ךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 2 advcl _ Gloss=you|Ref=DEU_20:1!18|MId=o050200010182|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 28-30 הַמַּֽעַלְךָ֖ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 הַ הַ SCONJ _ _ 29 mark _ Gloss=[who].brought|Ref=DEU_20:1!19|MId=o050200010191|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 29 מַּֽעַל עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing 23 appos _ Gloss=up|Ref=DEU_20:1!19|MId=o050200010192|Strong=5927|Frame=AA:050200010161;A0:050200010193;|Type=participle_active 30 ְךָ֖ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 29 obj _ Gloss=you|Ref=DEU_20:1!19|MId=o050200010193|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 31-32 מֵאֶ֥רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=DEU_20:1!20|MId=o050200010201|Strong=4480 32 אֶ֥רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 29 obl _ Gloss=the.land|Ref=DEU_20:1!20|MId=o050200010202|Strong=0776 33 מִצְרָֽיִם מִצְרַיִם PROPN _ _ 32 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Egypt|Ref=DEU_20:1!21|MId=o050200010211|Strong=4714|SpaceAfter=No 34 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 33 punct _ Ref=DEU_20:1!21 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: request - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes - indirect: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | תֵצֵא *you will go out* | yiqtol · qal | | | | | | רָאִיתָ *you will see* | weqatal · qal | | סוּס *horse* + רֶכֶב *chariot* + עַם *a people* | | | | **not** תִירָא *you must be afraid* | yiqtol · qal | | | | | | מַּֽעַל *up* | participle active · hiphil | ְךָ *you* | | | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} אֲרֵי תִפּוֹק לַאֲגָחָא קְרָבָא עַל בַּעֲלֵי דְבָבָךְ וְתֶחֱזֵי סוּסָוָן וּרְתִכִּין עַם סַגִי מִנָךְ לָא תִדְחַל מִנְהוֹן אֲרֵי יְיָ אֱלָהָךְ מֵימְרֵהּ בְּסַעְדָךְ דְאַסְקָךְ מֵאַרְעָא דְמִצְרָיִם The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [When thou goest forth to battle against thine enemies, and seest horses, and chariots, and a people more than thou, thou shalt not be afraid of them; for the LORD thy God is with thee, who brought thee up out of the land of Egypt.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.542/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:DEU:535`. - ← previous: [Deuteronomy 19:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.19.21/) - next →: [Deuteronomy 20:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.20.2/) - ↑ back to [Deuteronomy 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/20/)