--- title: Deuteronomy 20:20 — Only the trees of which thou knowest that they are not trees for foo… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Only the trees of which thou knowest that they are not trees for food, them thou mayest destroy and cut down, that thou mayest build bulwarks against the city that maketh war with thee, until it fall. Who acts: thou, trees, city, war. Deuteronomy 20:20 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onke --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.20.20/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Deuteronomy](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/) / [chapter 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/20/) / 20:20 # Deuteronomy 20:20 דְּבָרִים **Who acts:** thou, trees, city, war · **What happens:** know, not be, destroy, cut down, build, make · **To what, where:** trees, bulwarks, war · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Deuteronomy 20:20 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — thou, trees, city, war — and what happens in the verse to trees, bulwarks, war, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 34 chapters of Deuteronomy on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. רַ֞ק עֵ֣ץ אֲשֶׁר־תֵּדַ֗ע כִּֽי־לֹא־עֵ֤ץ מַאֲכָל֙ ה֔וּא אֹת֥וֹ תַשְׁחִ֖ית וְכָרָ֑תָּ וּבָנִ֣יתָ מָצ֗וֹר עַל־הָעִיר֙ אֲשֶׁר־הִ֨וא עֹשָׂ֧ה עִמְּךָ֛ מִלְחָמָ֖ה עַ֥ד רִדְתָּֽהּ׃פ [Only the trees of which thou knowest that they are not trees for food, them thou mayest destroy and cut down, that thou mayest build bulwarks against the city that maketh war with thee, until it fall.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.561/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:DEU:554 # text = רַ֞ק עֵ֣ץ אֲשֶׁר־תֵּדַ֗ע כִּֽי־לֹא־עֵ֤ץ מַאֲכָל֙ ה֔וּא אֹת֥וֹ תַשְׁחִ֖ית וְכָרָ֑תָּ וּבָנִ֣יתָ מָצ֗וֹר עַל־הָעִיר֙ אֲשֶׁר־הִ֨וא עֹשָׂ֧ה עִמְּךָ֛ מִלְחָמָ֖ה עַ֥ד רִדְתָּֽהּ׃פ # verse = DEU.20.20 1 רַ֞ק רַק ADV _ _ 2 advmod _ Gloss=only|Ref=DEU_20:20!1|MId=o050200200011|Strong=7535|Type=affirmation 2 עֵ֣ץ עֵץ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 dislocated _ Gloss=a.tree|Ref=DEU_20:20!2|MId=o050200200021|Strong=6086 3 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 4 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=DEU_20:20!3|MId=o050200200031|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 4 תֵּדַ֗ע יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 acl:relcl _ Gloss=you.will.know|Ref=DEU_20:20!4|MId=o050200200041|Strong=3045|Frame=A0:050200090112;A1:050200200071;|Type=yiqtol 5 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 7 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=DEU_20:20!5|MId=o050200200051|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 6 לֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 7 advmod _ Gloss=[is].not|Ref=DEU_20:20!6|MId=o050200200061|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 7 עֵ֤ץ עֵץ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 ccomp _ Gloss=a.tree|Ref=DEU_20:20!7|MId=o050200200071|Strong=6086 8 מַאֲכָל֙ מַאֲכָל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.food|Ref=DEU_20:20!8|MId=o050200200081|Strong=3978 9 ה֔וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 nsubj _ Gloss=it|Ref=DEU_20:20!9|MId=o050200200091|Strong=1931|Type=personal 10-11 אֹת֥וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 אֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=|Ref=DEU_20:20!10|MId=o050200200101|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 11 ֥וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 obj _ Gloss=it|Ref=DEU_20:20!10|MId=o050200200102|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 12 תַשְׁחִ֖ית שָׁחַת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=you.will.destroy|Ref=DEU_20:20!11|MId=o050200200111|Strong=7843|Frame=AA:050200090112;A0:050200200102;|Type=yiqtol 13-14 וְכָרָ֑תָּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DEU_20:20!12|MId=o050200200121|Strong=2050b 14 כָרָ֑תָּ כָּרַת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 12 conj _ Gloss=you.will.cut.down|Ref=DEU_20:20!12|MId=o050200200122|Strong=3772|Frame=A0:050200090112;A1:050200200021;|Type=weqatal 15-16 וּבָנִ֣יתָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DEU_20:20!13|MId=o050200200131|Strong=2050b 16 בָנִ֣יתָ בָּנָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 12 conj _ Gloss=you.will.build|Ref=DEU_20:20!13|MId=o050200200132|Strong=1129|Frame=A0:050200090112;A1:050200200141;|Type=weqatal 17 מָצ֗וֹר מָצוֹר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 obj _ Gloss=siege.work[s]|Ref=DEU_20:20!14|MId=o050200200141|Strong=4692 18 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=DEU_20:20!15|MId=o050200200151|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 19-20 הָעִיר֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=DEU_20:20!16|MId=o050200200161|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 עִיר֙ עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 16 obl _ Gloss=city|Ref=DEU_20:20!16|MId=o050200200162|Strong=5892 21 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 23 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=DEU_20:20!17|MId=o050200200171|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 22 הִ֨וא הִיא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 nsubj _ Gloss=it|Ref=DEU_20:20!18|MId=o050200200181|Strong=1931a|Type=personal 23 עֹשָׂ֧ה עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 20 acl:relcl _ Gloss=[is].making|Ref=DEU_20:20!19|MId=o050200200191|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:050200200181;A1:050200200211;|Type=participle_active 24-25 עִמְּךָ֛ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 עִמּ עִם ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=DEU_20:20!20|MId=o050200200201|Strong=5973 25 ְךָ֛ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 23 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=DEU_20:20!20|MId=o050200200202|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 26 מִלְחָמָ֖ה מִלְחָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 23 obj _ Gloss=war|Ref=DEU_20:20!21|MId=o050200200211|Strong=4421 27 עַ֥ד עַד ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=until|Ref=DEU_20:20!22|MId=o050200200221|Strong=5704 28-29 רִדְתָּֽהּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 רִדְתּ יָרַד VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 16 advcl _ Gloss=falls|Ref=DEU_20:20!23|MId=o050200200231|Strong=3381|Frame=A0:050200200232;|Type=infinitive_construct 29 ָֽהּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 nsubj _ Gloss=it|Ref=DEU_20:20!23|MId=o050200200232|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 30 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 29 punct _ Ref=DEU_20:20!23|SpaceAfter=No 31 פ פ PUNCT _ _ 29 punct _ Ref=DEU_20:20!23 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: request - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes - indirect: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | תֵּדַע *you will know* | yiqtol · qal | | עֵץ *a tree* | | | | תַשְׁחִית *you will destroy* | yiqtol · hiphil | וֹ *it* | | | | | כָרָתָּ *you will cut down* | weqatal · qal | | עֵץ *a tree* | | | | בָנִיתָ *you will build* | weqatal · qal | | מָצוֹר *siege work\[s\]* | | | | עֹשָׂה *\[is\] making* | participle active · qal | הִוא *it* | מִלְחָמָה *war* | | | | רִדְתּ *falls* | infinitive construct · qal | ָֽהּ *it* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} לְחוֹד אִילָן דְתִדַע אֲרֵי לָא אִילַן דְמַאֲכָל הוּא יָתֵהּ תְּחַבַּל וּתְקוּץ וְתִבְנֵי כַרְקוֹמִין עַל קַרְתָּא דִי הִיא עָבְדָא עִמָךְ קְרָבָא עַד דְתִכְבְּשַׁהּ The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Only the trees of which thou knowest that they are not trees for food, them thou mayest destroy and cut down, that thou mayest build bulwarks against the city that maketh war with thee, until it fall.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.561/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:DEU:554`. - ← previous: [Deuteronomy 20:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.20.19/) - next →: [Deuteronomy 21:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.21.1/) - ↑ back to [Deuteronomy 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/20/)