--- title: Deuteronomy 20:8 — And the officers shall speak further unto the people, and they shall… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the officers shall speak further unto the people, and they shall say: 'What man is there that is fearful and faint-hearted? let him go and return unto his house, lest his brethren's heart melt as his heart.' Who acts: officers, man, heart. Deuteronomy 20:8 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Tar --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.20.8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Deuteronomy](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/) / [chapter 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/20/) / 20:8 # Deuteronomy 20:8 דְּבָרִים **Who acts:** officers, man, heart · **What happens:** speak, say, be, let, go, return · **To what, where:** man · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Deuteronomy 20:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — officers, man, heart — and what happens in the verse to man, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 34 chapters of Deuteronomy on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְיָסְפ֣וּ הַשֹּׁטְרִים֮ לְדַבֵּ֣ר אֶל־הָעָם֒ וְאָמְר֗וּ מִי־הָאִ֤ישׁ הַיָּרֵא֙ וְרַ֣ךְ הַלֵּבָ֔ב יֵלֵ֖ךְ וְיָשֹׁ֣ב לְבֵית֑וֹ וְלֹ֥א יִמַּ֛ס אֶת־לְבַ֥ב אֶחָ֖יו כִּלְבָבֽוֹ׃ [And the officers shall speak further unto the people, and they shall say: 'What man is there that is fearful and faint-hearted? let him go and return unto his house, lest his brethren's heart melt as his heart.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.549/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:DEU:542 # text = וְיָסְפ֣וּ הַשֹּׁטְרִים֮ לְדַבֵּ֣ר אֶל־הָעָם֒ וְאָמְר֗וּ מִי־הָאִ֤ישׁ הַיָּרֵא֙ וְרַ֣ךְ הַלֵּבָ֔ב יֵלֵ֖ךְ וְיָשֹׁ֣ב לְבֵית֑וֹ וְלֹ֥א יִמַּ֛ס אֶת־לְבַ֥ב אֶחָ֖יו כִּלְבָבֽוֹ׃ # verse = DEU.20.8 1-2 וְיָסְפ֣וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DEU_20:8!1|MId=o050200080011|Strong=2050b 2 יָסְפ֣וּ יָסַף VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.will.repeat|Ref=DEU_20:8!1|MId=o050200080012|Strong=3254|Frame=A0:050200080022;|Type=weqatal 3-4 הַשֹּׁטְרִים֮ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=DEU_20:8!2|MId=o050200080021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 שֹּׁטְרִים֮ שֹׁטֵר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=officials|Ref=DEU_20:8!2|MId=o050200080022|Strong=7860|Type=participle_active 5-6 לְדַבֵּ֣ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=DEU_20:8!3|MId=o050200080031|Strong=3807a 6 דַבֵּ֣ר דָבַר VERB _ HebBinyan=PIEL 2 xcomp _ Gloss=speak|Ref=DEU_20:8!3|MId=o050200080032|Strong=1696|Frame=A0:050200080022;|Type=infinitive_construct 7 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=DEU_20:8!4|MId=o050200080041|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 8-9 הָעָם֒ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=DEU_20:8!5|MId=o050200080051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 עָם֒ עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 obl _ Gloss=people|Ref=DEU_20:8!5|MId=o050200080052|Strong=5971 10-11 וְאָמְר֗וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DEU_20:8!6|MId=o050200080061|Strong=2050b 11 אָמְר֗וּ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.will.say|Ref=DEU_20:8!6|MId=o050200080062|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:050200080022;|Type=weqatal 12 מִי־ מִי PRON _ PronType=Int 11 ccomp _ Gloss=who?|Ref=DEU_20:8!7|MId=o050200080071|Strong=4310|Type=interrogative|SpaceAfter=No 13-14 הָאִ֤ישׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=[is].the|Ref=DEU_20:8!8|MId=o050200080081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 אִ֤ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ Gloss=man|Ref=DEU_20:8!8|MId=o050200080082|Strong=0376 15-16 הַיָּרֵא֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=DEU_20:8!9|MId=o050200080091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 יָּרֵא֙ יָרֵא ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 amod _ Gloss=fearful|Ref=DEU_20:8!9|MId=o050200080092|Strong=3373|Type=adjective 17-18 וְרַ֣ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and.(the)|Ref=DEU_20:8!10|MId=o050200080101|Strong=2050b 18 רַ֣ךְ רַךְ ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 amod _ Gloss=weak|Ref=DEU_20:8!10|MId=o050200080102|Strong=7390|Type=adjective 19-20 הַלֵּבָ֔ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=DEU_20:8!11|MId=o050200080111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 לֵּבָ֔ב לֵבָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=heart|Ref=DEU_20:8!11|MId=o050200080112|Strong=3824 21 יֵלֵ֖ךְ הלך VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 12 parataxis _ Gloss=let.him.go|Ref=DEU_20:8!12|MId=o050200080121|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:050200080082;|Type=yiqtol 22-23 וְיָשֹׁ֣ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DEU_20:8!13|MId=o050200080131|Strong=2050b 23 יָשֹׁ֣ב שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 21 conj _ Gloss=let.him.return|Ref=DEU_20:8!13|MId=o050200080132|Strong=7725|Frame=A0:050200080082;|Type=yiqtol 24-26 לְבֵית֑וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=DEU_20:8!14|MId=o050200080141|Strong=3807a 25 בֵית בַּיִת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 obl _ Gloss=house|Ref=DEU_20:8!14|MId=o050200080142|Strong=1004 26 ֑וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=DEU_20:8!14|MId=o050200080143|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 27-28 וְלֹ֥א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DEU_20:8!15|MId=o050200080151|Strong=2050b 28 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 29 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=DEU_20:8!15|MId=o050200080152|Strong=3808|Type=negative 29 יִמַּ֛ס מָסַס VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 12 conj _ Gloss=it.will.be.melted|Ref=DEU_20:8!16|MId=o050200080161|Strong=4549|Frame=A0:050200080181;|Type=yiqtol 30 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=DEU_20:8!17|MId=o050200080171|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 31 לְבַ֥ב לֵבָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 29 nsubj _ Gloss=the.heart|Ref=DEU_20:8!18|MId=o050200080181|Strong=3824 32-33 אֶחָ֖יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 אֶחָ֖י אָח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 31 compound:smixut _ Gloss=his.countrymen|Ref=DEU_20:8!19|MId=o050200080191|Strong=0251 33 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=DEU_20:8!19|MId=o050200080192|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 34-36 כִּלְבָבֽוֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 כִּ כְּ ADP _ _ 35 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=DEU_20:8!20|MId=o050200080201|Strong=3509a 35 לְבָב לֵבָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 29 obl _ Gloss=heart|Ref=DEU_20:8!20|MId=o050200080202|Strong=3824 36 ֽוֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 35 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=DEU_20:8!20|MId=o050200080203|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 37 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 36 punct _ Ref=DEU_20:8!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יָסְפוּ *they will repeat* | weqatal · qal | שֹּׁטְרִים *officials* | | | | | דַבֵּר *speak* | infinitive construct · piel | שֹּׁטְרִים *officials* | | | | | אָמְרוּ *they will say* | weqatal · qal | שֹּׁטְרִים *officials* | | | | | יֵלֵךְ *let him go* | yiqtol · qal | אִישׁ *man* | | | | | יָשֹׁב *let him return* | yiqtol · qal | אִישׁ *man* | | | | | **not** יִמַּס *it will be melted* | yiqtol · niphal | לְבַב *the heart* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וְיוֹסְפוּן סָרְכַיָא לְמַלָלָא עִם עַמָא וְיֵימְרוּן מָן גַבְרָא דְדָחֵל וּתְבִיר לִבָּא יְהַךְ וִיתוּב לְבֵיתֵהּ וְלָא יִתְּבַר יָת לִבָּא דַאַחוֹהִי כְּלִבֵּהּ The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the officers shall speak further unto the people, and they shall say: 'What man is there that is fearful and faint-hearted? let him go and return unto his house, lest his brethren's heart melt as his heart.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.549/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:DEU:542`. - ← previous: [Deuteronomy 20:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.20.7/) - next →: [Deuteronomy 20:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.20.9/) - ↑ back to [Deuteronomy 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/20/)