--- title: Deuteronomy 21:1 — If one be found slain in the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: If one be found slain in the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee to possess it, lying in the field, and it be not known who hath smitten him; Who acts: LORD. Deuteronomy 21:1 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.21.1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Deuteronomy](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/) / [chapter 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/21/) / 21:1 # Deuteronomy 21:1 דְּבָרִים **Who acts:** LORD · **What happens:** find, give, possess, lie, not know, smite · **To what, where:** one, land, thee, field, LORD · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Deuteronomy 21:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — LORD — and what happens in the verse to one, land, thee, field, LORD, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 34 chapters of Deuteronomy on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. כִּי־יִמָּצֵ֣א חָלָ֗ל בָּאֲדָמָה֙ אֲשֶׁר֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֶ֜יךָ נֹתֵ֤ן לְךָ֙ לְרִשְׁתָּ֔הּ נֹפֵ֖ל בַּשָּׂדֶ֑ה לֹ֥א נוֹדַ֖ע מִ֥י הִכָּֽהוּ׃ [If one be found slain in the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee to possess it, lying in the field, and it be not known who hath smitten him;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.562/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:DEU:555 # text = כִּי־יִמָּצֵ֣א חָלָ֗ל בָּאֲדָמָה֙ אֲשֶׁר֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֶ֜יךָ נֹתֵ֤ן לְךָ֙ לְרִשְׁתָּ֔הּ נֹפֵ֖ל בַּשָּׂדֶ֑ה לֹ֥א נוֹדַ֖ע מִ֥י הִכָּֽהוּ׃ # verse = DEU.21.1 1 כִּי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 2 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=DEU_21:1!1|MId=o050210010011|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 2 יִמָּצֵ֣א מָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.will.be.found|Ref=DEU_21:1!2|MId=o050210010021|Strong=4672|Frame=A1:050210010031;|Type=yiqtol 3 חָלָ֗ל חָלָל ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=[one].slain|Ref=DEU_21:1!3|MId=o050210010031|Strong=2491|Type=adjective 4-6 בָּאֲדָמָה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 בָּ בְּ ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=DEU_21:1!4|MId=o050210010041|Strong=0871a 5 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=DEU_21:1!4|MId=o050210010041ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 אֲדָמָה֙ אֲדָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=land|Ref=DEU_21:1!4|MId=o050210010042|Strong=0127 7 אֲשֶׁר֩ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 11 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=DEU_21:1!5|MId=o050210010051|Strong=0834|Type=relative 8 יְהוָ֨ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 11 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=DEU_21:1!6|MId=o050210010061|Strong=3068 9-10 אֱלֹהֶ֜יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 אֱלֹהֶ֜י אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 8 appos _ Gloss=God|Ref=DEU_21:1!7|MId=o050210010071|Strong=0430 10 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=DEU_21:1!7|MId=o050210010072|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 11 נֹתֵ֤ן נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 6 acl:relcl _ Gloss=[is].about.to.give|Ref=DEU_21:1!8|MId=o050210010081|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:050210010061;A1:050210010043;|Type=participle_active 12-13 לְךָ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 ל לְ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=DEU_21:1!9|MId=o050210010091|Strong=3807a 13 ְךָ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 11 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=DEU_21:1!9|MId=o050210010092|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 14-16 לְרִשְׁתָּ֔הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=DEU_21:1!10|MId=o050210010101|Strong=3807a 15 רִשְׁתּ יָרַשׁ VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 11 xcomp _ Gloss=take|Ref=DEU_21:1!10|MId=o050210010102|Strong=3423|Frame=A0:050200090112;A1:050210010103;|Type=infinitive_construct 16 ָ֔הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 obj _ Gloss=possession.of.it|Ref=DEU_21:1!10|MId=o050210010103|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 17 נֹפֵ֖ל נָפַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 2 ccomp _ Gloss=lying|Ref=DEU_21:1!11|MId=o050210010111|Strong=5307|Frame=A0:050210010031;|Type=participle_active 18-20 בַּשָּׂדֶ֑ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=DEU_21:1!12|MId=o050210010121|Strong=0871a 19 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=the.open|Ref=DEU_21:1!12|MId=o050210010121ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 שָּׂדֶ֑ה שָׂדֶה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 obl _ Gloss=country|Ref=DEU_21:1!12|MId=o050210010122|Strong=7704 21 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 22 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=DEU_21:1!13|MId=o050210010131|Strong=3808|Type=negative 22 נוֹדַ֖ע יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=it.is.known|Ref=DEU_21:1!14|MId=o050210010141|Strong=3045|Frame=A1:050210010161;|Type=qatal 23 מִ֥י מִי PRON _ PronType=Int 24 nsubj _ Gloss=who?|Ref=DEU_21:1!15|MId=o050210010151|Strong=4310|Type=interrogative 24-25 הִכָּֽהוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 הִכָּֽה נָכָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 22 nsubj _ Gloss=did|Ref=DEU_21:1!16|MId=o050210010161|Strong=5221|Frame=AA:050210010151;A0:050210010162;|Type=qatal 25 וּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 obj _ Gloss=he.strike.him.down|Ref=DEU_21:1!16|MId=o050210010162|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 26 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 25 punct _ Ref=DEU_21:1!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִמָּצֵא *it will be found* | yiqtol · niphal | | חָלָל *\[one\] slain* | | | | נֹתֵן *\[is\] about to give* | participle active · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | רִשְׁתּ *take* | infinitive construct · qal | | ָהּ *possession of it* | | | | נֹפֵל *lying* | participle active · qal | חָלָל *\[one\] slain* | | | | | **not** נוֹדַע *it is known* | qatal · niphal | | הִכָּֽה *did* | | | | הִכָּֽה *did* | qatal · hiphil | וּ *he strike him down* | | | מִי *who?* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} אֲרֵי יִשְׁתְּכַח קְטִּילָא בְּאַרְעָא דִי יְיָ אֱלָהָךְ יָהֵב לָךְ לְמֵירְתַהּ רָמֵי בְּחַקְלָא לָא אִתְיְדַע מַן קָטְּלֵהּ The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [If one be found slain in the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee to possess it, lying in the field, and it be not known who hath smitten him;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.562/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:DEU:555`. - ← previous: [Deuteronomy 20:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.20.20/) - next →: [Deuteronomy 21:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.21.2/) - ↑ back to [Deuteronomy 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/21/)