--- title: Deuteronomy 21:23 — his body shall not remain all night upon the tree, but thou shalt su… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: his body shall not remain all night upon the tree, but thou shalt surely bury him the same day; for he that is hanged is a reproach unto God; that thou defile not thy land which the LORD thy God giveth thee for an inheritance. Who acts: body, thou, man, LORD. Deuteronomy 21:23 in Hebrew with its dep --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.21.23/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Deuteronomy](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/) / [chapter 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/21/) / 21:23 # Deuteronomy 21:23 דְּבָרִים **Who acts:** body, thou, man, LORD · **What happens:** not remain, bury, hang, be, not defile, give · **To what, where:** tree, man, reproach, land, thee This is Deuteronomy 21:23 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — body, thou, man, LORD — and what happens in the verse to tree, man, reproach, land, thee, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 34 chapters of Deuteronomy on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. לֹא־תָלִ֨ין נִבְלָת֜וֹ עַל־הָעֵ֗ץ כִּֽי־קָב֤וֹר תִּקְבְּרֶ֙נּוּ֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא כִּֽי־קִלְלַ֥ת אֱלֹהִ֖ים תָּל֑וּי וְלֹ֤א תְטַמֵּא֙ אֶת־אַדְמָ֣תְךָ֔ אֲשֶׁר֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ נֹתֵ֥ן לְךָ֖ נַחֲלָֽה׃ס [his body shall not remain all night upon the tree, but thou shalt surely bury him the same day; for he that is hanged is a reproach unto God; that thou defile not thy land which the LORD thy God giveth thee for an inheritance.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.584/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:DEU:577 # text = לֹא־תָלִ֨ין נִבְלָת֜וֹ עַל־הָעֵ֗ץ כִּֽי־קָב֤וֹר תִּקְבְּרֶ֙נּוּ֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא כִּֽי־קִלְלַ֥ת אֱלֹהִ֖ים תָּל֑וּי וְלֹ֤א תְטַמֵּא֙ אֶת־אַדְמָ֣תְךָ֔ אֲשֶׁר֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ נֹתֵ֥ן לְךָ֖ נַחֲלָֽה׃ס # verse = DEU.21.23 1 לֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 2 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=DEU_21:23!1|MId=o050210230011|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 2 תָלִ֨ין לין VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.will.remain.overnight|Ref=DEU_21:23!2|MId=o050210230021|Strong=3885a|Frame=A0:050210230031;|Type=yiqtol 3-4 נִבְלָת֜וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 נִבְלָת נְבֵלָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=corpse|Ref=DEU_21:23!3|MId=o050210230031|Strong=5038 4 ֜וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=DEU_21:23!3|MId=o050210230032|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 5 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=DEU_21:23!4|MId=o050210230041|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 6-7 הָעֵ֗ץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=DEU_21:23!5|MId=o050210230051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 עֵ֗ץ עֵץ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=tree|Ref=DEU_21:23!5|MId=o050210230052|Strong=6086 8 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 10 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=DEU_21:23!6|MId=o050210230061|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 9 קָב֤וֹר קָבַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 10 obl:npmod _ Gloss=certainly.(bury)|Ref=DEU_21:23!7|MId=o050210230071|Strong=6912|Type=infinitive_absolute 10-11 תִּקְבְּרֶ֙נּוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 תִּקְבְּר קָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 advcl _ Gloss=you|Ref=DEU_21:23!8|MId=o050210230081|Strong=6912|Frame=A0:050210210111;A1:050210230082;|Type=yiqtol 11 ֶ֙נּוּ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 obj _ Gloss=will.bury.him|Ref=DEU_21:23!8|MId=o050210230082|Strong=5105b|Type=pronominal 12-14 בַּיּ֣וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=DEU_21:23!9|MId=o050210230091|Strong=0871a 13 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=DEU_21:23!9|MId=o050210230091ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 יּ֣וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 obl _ Gloss=day|Ref=DEU_21:23!9|MId=o050210230092|Strong=3117 15-16 הַה֔וּא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=DEU_21:23!10|MId=o050210230101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 ה֔וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 det _ Gloss=that|Ref=DEU_21:23!10|MId=o050210230102|Strong=1931|Type=personal 17 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 18 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=DEU_21:23!11|MId=o050210230111|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 18 קִלְלַ֥ת קְלָלָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 advcl _ Gloss=[is].a.curse|Ref=DEU_21:23!12|MId=o050210230121|Strong=7045 19 אֱלֹהִ֖ים אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.God|Ref=DEU_21:23!13|MId=o050210230131|Strong=0430 20 תָּל֑וּי תָּלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 18 nsubj _ Gloss=[one.who.is].hanged|Ref=DEU_21:23!14|MId=o050210230141|Strong=8518|Type=participle_passive 21-22 וְלֹ֤א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DEU_21:23!15|MId=o050210230151|Strong=2050b 22 לֹ֤א לֹא ADV _ _ 23 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=DEU_21:23!15|MId=o050210230152|Strong=3808|Type=negative 23 תְטַמֵּא֙ טָמֵא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 conj _ Gloss=you.will.make.unclean|Ref=DEU_21:23!16|MId=o050210230161|Strong=2930|Frame=A0:050210210111;A1:050210230181;|Type=yiqtol 24 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=DEU_21:23!17|MId=o050210230171|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 25-26 אַדְמָ֣תְךָ֔ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 אַדְמָ֣ת אֲדָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 23 obj _ Gloss=land|Ref=DEU_21:23!18|MId=o050210230181|Strong=0127 26 ְךָ֔ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 25 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=DEU_21:23!18|MId=o050210230182|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 27 אֲשֶׁר֙ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 31 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=DEU_21:23!19|MId=o050210230191|Strong=0834|Type=relative 28 יְהוָ֣ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 31 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=DEU_21:23!20|MId=o050210230201|Strong=3068 29-30 אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 אֱלֹהֶ֔י אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 28 appos _ Gloss=God|Ref=DEU_21:23!21|MId=o050210230211|Strong=0430 30 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 29 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=DEU_21:23!21|MId=o050210230212|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 31 נֹתֵ֥ן נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 25 acl:relcl _ Gloss=[is].about.to.give|Ref=DEU_21:23!22|MId=o050210230221|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:050210230201;A1:050210230181;|Type=participle_active 32-33 לְךָ֖ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 ל לְ ADP _ _ 33 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=DEU_21:23!23|MId=o050210230231|Strong=3807a 33 ְךָ֖ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 31 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=DEU_21:23!23|MId=o050210230232|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 34 נַחֲלָֽה נַחֲלָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 31 xcomp _ Gloss=an.inheritance|Ref=DEU_21:23!24|MId=o050210230241|Strong=5159|SpaceAfter=No 35 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 34 punct _ Ref=DEU_21:23!24|SpaceAfter=No 36 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 34 punct _ Ref=DEU_21:23!24 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** תָלִין *it will remain overnight* | yiqtol · qal | נִבְלָת *corpse* | | | | | תִּקְבְּר *you* | yiqtol · qal | | ֶנּוּ *will bury him* | | | | **not** תְטַמֵּא *you will make unclean* | yiqtol · piel | | אַדְמָת *land* | | | | נֹתֵן *\[is\] about to give* | participle active · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | אַדְמָת *land* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} לָא תְבִית נְבִלְתֵּהּ עַל צְלִיבָא אֲרֵי מִקְבַּר תִּקְבְּרִנֵהּ בְּיוֹמָא הַהוּא אֲרֵי עַל דְחָב קֳדָם יְיָ אִצְטְלַב וְלָא תְסָאֵב יָת אַרְעָךְ דִי יְיָ אֱלָהָךְ יָהֵב לָךְ אַחֲסָנָא The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [his body shall not remain all night upon the tree, but thou shalt surely bury him the same day; for he that is hanged is a reproach unto God; that thou defile not thy land which the LORD thy God giveth thee for an inheritance.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.584/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:DEU:577`. - ← previous: [Deuteronomy 21:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.21.22/) - next →: [Deuteronomy 22:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.22.1/) - ↑ back to [Deuteronomy 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/21/)