--- title: Deuteronomy 21:4 — And the elders of that city shall bring down the heifer unto a rough… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the elders of that city shall bring down the heifer unto a rough valley, which may neither be plowed nor sown, and shall break the heifer's neck there in the valley. Who acts: elders. Deuteronomy 21:4 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.21.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Deuteronomy](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/) / [chapter 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/21/) / 21:4 # Deuteronomy 21:4 דְּבָרִים **Who acts:** elders · **What happens:** bring down, plow, sow, break · **To what, where:** heifer, rough valley, neck, valley This is Deuteronomy 21:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — elders — and what happens in the verse to heifer, rough valley, neck, valley, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 34 chapters of Deuteronomy on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְהוֹרִ֡דוּ זִקְנֵי֩ הָעִ֨יר הַהִ֤וא אֶת־הָֽעֶגְלָה֙ אֶל־נַ֣חַל אֵיתָ֔ן אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹא־יֵעָבֵ֥ד בּ֖וֹ וְלֹ֣א יִזָּרֵ֑עַ וְעָֽרְפוּ־שָׁ֥ם אֶת־הָעֶגְלָ֖ה בַּנָּֽחַל׃ [And the elders of that city shall bring down the heifer unto a rough valley, which may neither be plowed nor sown, and shall break the heifer's neck there in the valley.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.565/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:DEU:558 # text = וְהוֹרִ֡דוּ זִקְנֵי֩ הָעִ֨יר הַהִ֤וא אֶת־הָֽעֶגְלָה֙ אֶל־נַ֣חַל אֵיתָ֔ן אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹא־יֵעָבֵ֥ד בּ֖וֹ וְלֹ֣א יִזָּרֵ֑עַ וְעָֽרְפוּ־שָׁ֥ם אֶת־הָעֶגְלָ֖ה בַּנָּֽחַל׃ # verse = DEU.21.4 1-2 וְהוֹרִ֡דוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DEU_21:4!1|MId=o050210040011|Strong=2050b 2 הוֹרִ֡דוּ יָרַד VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.will.bring.down|Ref=DEU_21:4!1|MId=o050210040012|Strong=3381|Frame=AA:050210040021;A0:050210040062;|Type=weqatal 3 זִקְנֵי֩ זָקֵן ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=the.elders|Ref=DEU_21:4!2|MId=o050210040021|Strong=2205|Type=adjective 4-5 הָעִ֨יר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=DEU_21:4!3|MId=o050210040031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 עִ֨יר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.city|Ref=DEU_21:4!3|MId=o050210040032|Strong=5892 6-7 הַהִ֤וא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=DEU_21:4!4|MId=o050210040041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 הִ֤וא הִיא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 det _ Gloss=that|Ref=DEU_21:4!4|MId=o050210040042|Strong=1931a|Type=personal 8 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=DEU_21:4!5|MId=o050210040051|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 9-10 הָֽעֶגְלָה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 הָֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=DEU_21:4!6|MId=o050210040061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 עֶגְלָה֙ עֶגְלָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=heifer|Ref=DEU_21:4!6|MId=o050210040062|Strong=5697 11 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=DEU_21:4!7|MId=o050210040071|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 12 נַ֣חַל נַחַל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=a.wadi|Ref=DEU_21:4!8|MId=o050210040081|Strong=5158 13 אֵיתָ֔ן אֵיתָן ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 amod _ Gloss=ever-flowing|Ref=DEU_21:4!9|MId=o050210040091|Strong=0386|Type=adjective 14 אֲשֶׁ֛ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 16 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=DEU_21:4!10|MId=o050210040101|Strong=0834|Type=relative 15 לֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 16 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=DEU_21:4!11|MId=o050210040111|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 16 יֵעָבֵ֥ד עָבַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 12 acl:relcl _ Gloss=it.is.tilled|Ref=DEU_21:4!12|MId=o050210040121|Strong=5647|Type=yiqtol 17-18 בּ֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 בּ בְּ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=DEU_21:4!13|MId=o050210040131|Strong=0871a 18 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=DEU_21:4!13|MId=o050210040132|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 19-20 וְלֹ֣א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DEU_21:4!14|MId=o050210040141|Strong=2050b 20 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 21 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=DEU_21:4!14|MId=o050210040142|Strong=3808|Type=negative 21 יִזָּרֵ֑עַ זָרַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 16 conj _ Gloss=it.is.sown|Ref=DEU_21:4!15|MId=o050210040151|Strong=2232|Type=yiqtol 22-23 וְעָֽרְפוּ־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DEU_21:4!16|MId=o050210040161|Strong=2050b 23 עָֽרְפוּ־ עָרַף VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.will.break.the.neck.of|Ref=DEU_21:4!16|MId=o050210040162|Strong=6202|Frame=A0:050210040021;A1:050210040192;|Type=weqatal 24 שָׁ֥ם שָׁם ADV _ _ 23 advmod _ Gloss=there|Ref=DEU_21:4!17|MId=o050210040171|Strong=8033 25 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=DEU_21:4!18|MId=o050210040181|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 26-27 הָעֶגְלָ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 27 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=DEU_21:4!19|MId=o050210040191|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 27 עֶגְלָ֖ה עֶגְלָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 23 obj _ Gloss=heifer|Ref=DEU_21:4!19|MId=o050210040192|Strong=5697 28-30 בַּנָּֽחַל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=DEU_21:4!20|MId=o050210040201|Strong=0871a 29 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 30 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=DEU_21:4!20|MId=o050210040201ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 30 נָּֽחַל נַחַל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 obl _ Gloss=wadi|Ref=DEU_21:4!20|MId=o050210040202|Strong=5158 31 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 30 punct _ Ref=DEU_21:4!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הוֹרִדוּ *they will bring down* | weqatal · hiphil | עֶגְלָה *heifer* | | | זִקְנֵי *the elders* | | עָֽרְפוּ־ *they will break the neck of* | weqatal · qal | זִקְנֵי *the elders* | עֶגְלָה *heifer* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וְיֶחֱתוּן סָבֵי קַרְתָּא הַהִיא יָת עֲגַלְתָּא לְנַחֲלָא בַיָר דִי לָא יִתְפְּלַח בֵּהּ וְלָא יִזְדְרַע וְיִנְקְפוּן תַּמָן יָת עֲגַלְתָּא בְּנַחֲלָא The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the elders of that city shall bring down the heifer unto a rough valley, which may neither be plowed nor sown, and shall break the heifer's neck there in the valley.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.565/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:DEU:558`. - ← previous: [Deuteronomy 21:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.21.3/) - next →: [Deuteronomy 21:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.21.5/) - ↑ back to [Deuteronomy 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/21/)