--- title: Deuteronomy 24:14 — Thou shalt not oppress a hired servant that is poor and needy, wheth… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Thou shalt not oppress a hired servant that is poor and needy, whether he be of thy brethren, or of thy strangers that are in thy land within thy gates. Who acts: Thou, hired servant, man, strangers. Deuteronomy 24:14 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.24.14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Deuteronomy](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/) / [chapter 24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/24/) / 24:14 # Deuteronomy 24:14 דְּבָרִים **Who acts:** Thou, hired servant, man, strangers · **What happens:** not oppress, hire, be · **To what, where:** hired servant, land This is Deuteronomy 24:14 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Thou, hired servant, man, strangers — and what happens in the verse to hired servant, land, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 34 chapters of Deuteronomy on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. לֹא־תַעֲשֹׁ֥ק שָׂכִ֖יר עָנִ֣י וְאֶבְי֑וֹן מֵאַחֶ֕יךָ א֧וֹ מִגֵּרְךָ֛ אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּאַרְצְךָ֖ בִּשְׁעָרֶֽיךָ׃ [Thou shalt not oppress a hired servant that is poor and needy, whether he be of thy brethren, or of thy strangers that are in thy land within thy gates.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.653/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:DEU:646 # text = לֹא־תַעֲשֹׁ֥ק שָׂכִ֖יר עָנִ֣י וְאֶבְי֑וֹן מֵאַחֶ֕יךָ א֧וֹ מִגֵּרְךָ֛ אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּאַרְצְךָ֖ בִּשְׁעָרֶֽיךָ׃ # verse = DEU.24.14 1 לֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 2 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=DEU_24:14!1|MId=o050240140011|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 2 תַעֲשֹׁ֥ק עָשַׁק VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=you.must.oppress|Ref=DEU_24:14!2|MId=o050240140021|Strong=6231|Frame=A0:050240070072;A1:050240140031;|Type=yiqtol 3 שָׂכִ֖יר שָׂכִיר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=a.hired.laborer|Ref=DEU_24:14!3|MId=o050240140031|Strong=7916|Type=adjective 4 עָנִ֣י עָנִי ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 amod _ Gloss=poor|Ref=DEU_24:14!4|MId=o050240140041|Strong=6041|Type=adjective 5-6 וְאֶבְי֑וֹן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DEU_24:14!5|MId=o050240140051|Strong=2050b 6 אֶבְי֑וֹן אֶבְיוֹן ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 amod _ Gloss=needy|Ref=DEU_24:14!5|MId=o050240140052|Strong=0034|Type=adjective 7-9 מֵאַחֶ֕יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=one|Ref=DEU_24:14!6|MId=o050240140061|Strong=4480 8 אַחֶ֕י אָח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 obl _ Gloss=of|Ref=DEU_24:14!6|MId=o050240140062|Strong=0251 9 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 8 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your.countrymen|Ref=DEU_24:14!6|MId=o050240140063|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 10 א֧וֹ אוֹ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=or|Ref=DEU_24:14!7|MId=o050240140071|Strong=0176 11-13 מִגֵּרְךָ֛ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=one|Ref=DEU_24:14!8|MId=o050240140081|Strong=4480 12 גֵּר גֵּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 conj _ Gloss=of|Ref=DEU_24:14!8|MId=o050240140082|Strong=1616 13 ְךָ֛ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your.sojourner[s]|Ref=DEU_24:14!8|MId=o050240140083|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 14 אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 16 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=DEU_24:14!9|MId=o050240140091|Strong=0834|Type=relative 15-17 בְּאַרְצְךָ֖ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=[is].in|Ref=DEU_24:14!10|MId=o050240140101|Strong=0871a 16 אַרְצ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 12 acl:relcl _ Gloss=land|Ref=DEU_24:14!10|MId=o050240140102|Strong=0776 17 ְךָ֖ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=DEU_24:14!10|MId=o050240140103|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 18-20 בִּשְׁעָרֶֽיךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 בִּ בְּ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=DEU_24:14!11|MId=o050240140111|Strong=0871a 19 שְׁעָרֶֽי שַׁעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 16 obl _ Gloss=gates|Ref=DEU_24:14!11|MId=o050240140112|Strong=8179 20 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=DEU_24:14!11|MId=o050240140113|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 21 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 20 punct _ Ref=DEU_24:14!11 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: request - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes - indirect: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** תַעֲשֹׁק *you must oppress* | yiqtol · qal | | שָׂכִיר *a hired laborer* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} לָא תַעֲשׁוֹק אֲגִירָא עַנְיָא וּמִסְכֵּנָא מֵאַחָיךְ אוֹ מִגִיוֹרָךְ דִי בְאַרְעָךְ בְּקִרְוָיךְ The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Thou shalt not oppress a hired servant that is poor and needy, whether he be of thy brethren, or of thy strangers that are in thy land within thy gates.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.653/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:DEU:646`. - ← previous: [Deuteronomy 24:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.24.13/) - next →: [Deuteronomy 24:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.24.15/) - ↑ back to [Deuteronomy 24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/24/)