--- title: Deuteronomy 24:4 — her former husband, who sent her away, may not take her again to be… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: her former husband, who sent her away, may not take her again to be his wife, after that she is defiled; for that is abomination before the LORD; and thou shalt not cause the land to sin, which the LORD thy God giveth thee for an inheritance. Who acts: former husband, that, thou, land. Deuteronomy 2 --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.24.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Deuteronomy](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/) / [chapter 24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/24/) / 24:4 # Deuteronomy 24:4 דְּבָרִים **Who acts:** former husband, that, thou, land, LORD · **What happens:** send away, not take, be, defile, not cause, sin · **To what, where:** wife, abomination, land, thee This is Deuteronomy 24:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — former husband, that, thou, land, LORD — and what happens in the verse to wife, abomination, land, thee, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 34 chapters of Deuteronomy on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. לֹא־יוּכַ֣ל בַּעְלָ֣הּ הָרִאשׁ֣וֹן אֲשֶֽׁר־שִׁ֠לְּחָהּ לָשׁ֨וּב לְקַחְתָּ֜הּ לִהְי֧וֹת ל֣וֹ לְאִשָּׁ֗ה אַחֲרֵי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֻטַּמָּ֔אָה כִּֽי־תוֹעֵבָ֥ה הִ֖וא לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וְלֹ֤א תַחֲטִיא֙ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁר֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ נֹתֵ֥ן לְךָ֖ נַחֲלָֽה׃ס [her former husband, who sent her away, may not take her again to be his wife, after that she is defiled; for that is abomination before the LORD; and thou shalt not cause the land to sin, which the LORD thy God giveth thee for an inheritance.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.643/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:DEU:636 # text = לֹא־יוּכַ֣ל בַּעְלָ֣הּ הָרִאשׁ֣וֹן אֲשֶֽׁר־שִׁ֠לְּחָהּ לָשׁ֨וּב לְקַחְתָּ֜הּ לִהְי֧וֹת ל֣וֹ לְאִשָּׁ֗ה אַחֲרֵי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֻטַּמָּ֔אָה כִּֽי־תוֹעֵבָ֥ה הִ֖וא לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וְלֹ֤א תַחֲטִיא֙ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁר֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ נֹתֵ֥ן לְךָ֖ נַחֲלָֽה׃ס # verse = DEU.24.4 1 לֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 2 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=DEU_24:4!1|MId=o050240040011|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 2 יוּכַ֣ל יָכֹל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.will.be.able|Ref=DEU_24:4!2|MId=o050240040021|Strong=3201|Frame=A0:050240040031;|Type=yiqtol 3-4 בַּעְלָ֣הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 בַּעְל בַּעַל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=husband|Ref=DEU_24:4!3|MId=o050240040031|Strong=1167 4 ָ֣הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nmod:poss _ Gloss=her|Ref=DEU_24:4!3|MId=o050240040032|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 5-6 הָרִאשׁ֣וֹן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=DEU_24:4!4|MId=o050240040041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 רִאשׁ֣וֹן רִאשׁוֹן ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 amod _ Gloss=former|Ref=DEU_24:4!4|MId=o050240040042|Strong=7223|Type=ordinal_number 7 אֲשֶֽׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 8 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=DEU_24:4!5|MId=o050240040051|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 8-9 שִׁ֠לְּחָהּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 שִׁ֠לְּח שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he|Ref=DEU_24:4!6|MId=o050240040061|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:050240040031;A1:050240040062;|Type=qatal 9 ָהּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 obj _ Gloss=sent.her.away|Ref=DEU_24:4!6|MId=o050240040062|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 10-11 לָשׁ֨וּב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=DEU_24:4!7|MId=o050240040071|Strong=3807a 11 שׁ֨וּב שׁוּב VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 2 xcomp _ Gloss=return|Ref=DEU_24:4!7|MId=o050240040072|Strong=7725|Frame=A0:050240040031;|Type=infinitive_construct 12-14 לְקַחְתָּ֜הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=DEU_24:4!8|MId=o050240040081|Strong=3807a 13 קַחְתּ לָקַח VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 11 advcl _ Gloss=take|Ref=DEU_24:4!8|MId=o050240040082|Strong=3947|Frame=A0:050240040031;A1:050240040083;|Type=infinitive_construct 14 ָ֜הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 obj _ Gloss=her|Ref=DEU_24:4!8|MId=o050240040083|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 15-16 לִהְי֧וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=DEU_24:4!9|MId=o050240040091|Strong=3807a 16 הְי֧וֹת הָיָה AUX _ HebBinyan=QAL 20 cop _ Gloss=become|Ref=DEU_24:4!9|MId=o050240040092|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:050240010041;|Type=infinitive_construct 17-18 ל֣וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 ל לְ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=|Ref=DEU_24:4!10|MId=o050240040101|Strong=3807a 18 ֣וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 obl _ Gloss=his|Ref=DEU_24:4!10|MId=o050240040102|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 19-20 לְאִשָּׁ֗ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=(into)|Ref=DEU_24:4!11|MId=o050240040111|Strong=3807a 20 אִשָּׁ֗ה אִשָּׁה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 13 obl _ Gloss=wife|Ref=DEU_24:4!11|MId=o050240040112|Strong=0802 21 אַחֲרֵי֙ אַחַר ADP _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=after|Ref=DEU_24:4!12|MId=o050240040121|Strong=0310 22 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 23 mark _ Gloss=that|Ref=DEU_24:4!13|MId=o050240040131|Strong=0834|Type=relative 23 הֻטַּמָּ֔אָה טָמֵא VERB _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3 21 acl:relcl _ Gloss=she.has.been.declared.unclean|Ref=DEU_24:4!14|MId=o050240040141|Strong=2930|Frame=A1:050240010041;|Type=qatal 24 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 25 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=DEU_24:4!15|MId=o050240040151|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 25 תוֹעֵבָ֥ה תּוֹעֵבַה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 advcl _ Gloss=[is].an.abomination|Ref=DEU_24:4!16|MId=o050240040161|Strong=8441 26 הִ֖וא הִיא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nsubj _ Gloss=it|Ref=DEU_24:4!17|MId=o050240040171|Strong=1931a|Type=personal 27-28 לִפְנֵ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=DEU_24:4!18|MId=o050240040181|Strong=3807a 28 פְנֵ֣י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 25 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=DEU_24:4!18|MId=o050240040182|Strong=6440 29 יְהוָ֑ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 28 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=DEU_24:4!19|MId=o050240040191|Strong=3068 30-31 וְלֹ֤א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 32 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DEU_24:4!20|MId=o050240040201|Strong=2050b 31 לֹ֤א לֹא ADV _ _ 32 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=DEU_24:4!20|MId=o050240040202|Strong=3808|Type=negative 32 תַחֲטִיא֙ חָטָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 conj _ Gloss=you.will.cause.to.sin|Ref=DEU_24:4!21|MId=o050240040211|Strong=2398|Frame=AA:050230180101;A0:050240040232;|Type=yiqtol 33 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 35 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=DEU_24:4!22|MId=o050240040221|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 34-35 הָאָ֔רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 35 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=DEU_24:4!23|MId=o050240040231|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 35 אָ֔רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 32 obj _ Gloss=land|Ref=DEU_24:4!23|MId=o050240040232|Strong=0776 36 אֲשֶׁר֙ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 40 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=DEU_24:4!24|MId=o050240040241|Strong=0834|Type=relative 37 יְהוָ֣ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 40 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=DEU_24:4!25|MId=o050240040251|Strong=3068 38-39 אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 אֱלֹהֶ֔י אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 37 appos _ Gloss=God|Ref=DEU_24:4!26|MId=o050240040261|Strong=0430 39 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 38 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=DEU_24:4!26|MId=o050240040262|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 40 נֹתֵ֥ן נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 35 acl:relcl _ Gloss=[is].about.to.give|Ref=DEU_24:4!27|MId=o050240040271|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:050240040251;A1:050240040232;|Type=participle_active 41-42 לְךָ֖ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 ל לְ ADP _ _ 42 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=DEU_24:4!28|MId=o050240040281|Strong=3807a 42 ְךָ֖ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 40 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=DEU_24:4!28|MId=o050240040282|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 43 נַחֲלָֽה נַחֲלָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 40 xcomp _ Gloss=an.inheritance|Ref=DEU_24:4!29|MId=o050240040291|Strong=5159|SpaceAfter=No 44 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 43 punct _ Ref=DEU_24:4!29|SpaceAfter=No 45 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 43 punct _ Ref=DEU_24:4!29 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** יוּכַל *he will be able* | yiqtol · qal | בַּעְל *husband* | | | | | שִׁלְּח *he* | qatal · piel | בַּעְל *husband* | ָהּ *sent her away* | | | | שׁוּב *return* | infinitive construct · qal | בַּעְל *husband* | | | | | קַחְתּ *take* | infinitive construct · qal | בַּעְל *husband* | ָהּ *her* | | | | הְיוֹת *become* | infinitive construct · qal | | | | | | הֻטַּמָּאָה *she has been declared unclean* | qatal | | | | | | **not** תַחֲטִיא *you will cause to sin* | yiqtol · hiphil | אָרֶץ *land* | | | | | נֹתֵן *\[is\] about to give* | participle active · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | אָרֶץ *land* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} לֵית לֵהּ רְשׁוּ לְבַעֲלַהּ קַדְמָאָה דִי פָטְרַהּ לְמִתֻּב לְמִסְבַהּ לְמֶהֱוֵי לֵהּ לְאִנְתּוּ בָּתַר דִי אִסְתָּאָבַת אֲרֵי מְרָחָקָא הִיא קֳדָם יְיָ וְלָא תְחַיַב יָת אַרְעָא דִי יְיָ אֱלָהָךְ יָהֵב לָךְ אַחֲסָנָא The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [her former husband, who sent her away, may not take her again to be his wife, after that she is defiled; for that is abomination before the LORD; and thou shalt not cause the land to sin, which the LORD thy God giveth thee for an inheritance.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.643/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:DEU:636`. - ← previous: [Deuteronomy 24:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.24.3/) - next →: [Deuteronomy 24:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.24.5/) - ↑ back to [Deuteronomy 24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/24/)