--- title: Deuteronomy 25:18 — how he met thee by the way, and smote the hindmost of thee, all that… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: how he met thee by the way, and smote the hindmost of thee, all that were enfeebled in thy rear, when thou wast faint and weary; and he feared not God. Who acts: Amalek, thou. Deuteronomy 25:18 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.25.18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Deuteronomy](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/) / [chapter 25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/25/) / 25:18 # Deuteronomy 25:18 דְּבָרִים **Who acts:** Amalek, thou · **What happens:** meet, smote, enfeeble, be, not fear · **To what, where:** thee, hindmost, rear, God This is Deuteronomy 25:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Amalek, thou — and what happens in the verse to thee, hindmost, rear, God, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 34 chapters of Deuteronomy on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. אֲשֶׁ֨ר קָֽרְךָ֜ בַּדֶּ֗רֶךְ וַיְזַנֵּ֤ב בְּךָ֙ כָּל־הַנֶּחֱשָׁלִ֣ים אַֽחַרֶ֔יךָוְאַתָּ֖ה עָיֵ֣ף וְיָגֵ֑עַ וְלֹ֥א יָרֵ֖א אֱלֹהִֽים׃ [how he met thee by the way, and smote the hindmost of thee, all that were enfeebled in thy rear, when thou wast faint and weary; and he feared not God.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.679/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:DEU:672 # text = אֲשֶׁ֨ר קָֽרְךָ֜ בַּדֶּ֗רֶךְ וַיְזַנֵּ֤ב בְּךָ֙ כָּל־הַנֶּחֱשָׁלִ֣ים אַֽחַרֶ֔יךָוְאַתָּ֖ה עָיֵ֣ף וְיָגֵ֑עַ וְלֹ֥א יָרֵ֖א אֱלֹהִֽים׃ # verse = DEU.25.18 1 אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 2 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=DEU_25:18!1|MId=o050250180011|Strong=0834|Type=relative 2-3 קָֽרְךָ֜ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 קָֽר קָרָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it|Ref=DEU_25:18!2|MId=o050250180021|Strong=7136|Frame=A0:050250170061;A1:050250180022;|Type=qatal 3 ְךָ֜ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 2 obj _ Gloss=met.you|Ref=DEU_25:18!2|MId=o050250180022|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 4-6 בַּדֶּ֗רֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=DEU_25:18!3|MId=o050250180031|Strong=0871a 5 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=DEU_25:18!3|MId=o050250180031ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 דֶּ֗רֶךְ דֶּרֶךְ NOUN _ Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=way|Ref=DEU_25:18!3|MId=o050250180032|Strong=1870 7-8 וַיְזַנֵּ֤ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DEU_25:18!4|MId=o050250180041|Strong=2050b 8 יְזַנֵּ֤ב זָנַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.attacked.in.the.rear|Ref=DEU_25:18!4|MId=o050250180042|Strong=2179|Frame=A0:050250170061;A1:050250180072;|Type=wayyiqtol 9-10 בְּךָ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 בּ בְּ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=among|Ref=DEU_25:18!5|MId=o050250180051|Strong=0871a 10 ְךָ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 8 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=DEU_25:18!5|MId=o050250180052|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 11 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 obj _ Gloss=all|Ref=DEU_25:18!6|MId=o050250180061|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 12-13 הַנֶּחֱשָׁלִ֣ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 הַ הַ SCONJ _ _ 13 mark _ Gloss=[those|Ref=DEU_25:18!7|MId=o050250180071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 נֶּחֱשָׁלִ֣ים חָשַׁל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur 11 compound:smixut _ Gloss=who.were].straggling|Ref=DEU_25:18!7|MId=o050250180072|Strong=2826|Type=participle_active 14-17 אַֽחַרֶ֔יךָוְאַתָּ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 אַֽחַרֶ֔י אַחַר ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=behind|Ref=DEU_25:18!8|MId=o050250180081|Strong=0310 15 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 13 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=DEU_25:18!8|MId=o050250180082|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 16 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DEU_25:18!9|MId=o050250180091|Strong=2050b 17 אַתָּ֖ה אַתָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 18 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=DEU_25:18!9|MId=o050250180092|Strong=0859|Type=personal 18 עָיֵ֣ף עָיֵף ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 conj _ Gloss=[were].exhausted|Ref=DEU_25:18!10|MId=o050250180101|Strong=5889|Type=adjective 19-20 וְיָגֵ֑עַ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DEU_25:18!11|MId=o050250180111|Strong=2050b 20 יָגֵ֑עַ יָגֵעַ ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 amod _ Gloss=weary|Ref=DEU_25:18!11|MId=o050250180112|Strong=3023|Type=adjective 21-22 וְלֹ֥א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DEU_25:18!12|MId=o050250180121|Strong=2050b 22 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 23 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=DEU_25:18!12|MId=o050250180122|Strong=3808|Type=negative 23 יָרֵ֖א יָרֵא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.feared|Ref=DEU_25:18!13|MId=o050250180131|Strong=3372|Frame=A0:050250170061;A1:050250180141;|Type=qatal 24 אֱלֹהִֽים אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 23 obj _ Gloss=God|Ref=DEU_25:18!14|MId=o050250180141|Strong=0430|SpaceAfter=No 25 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 24 punct _ Ref=DEU_25:18!14 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | קָֽר *it* | qatal · qal | | ְךָ *met you* | | | | יְזַנֵּב *it attacked in the rear* | wayyiqtol · piel | | נֶּחֱשָׁלִים *who were\] straggling* | | | | **not** יָרֵא *it feared* | qatal · qal | | אֱלֹהִֽים *God* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} דִי עָרְעָךְ בְּאָרְחָא וְקָטֵל בָּךְ כָּל דַהֲווֹ מִתְאַחֲרִין בַּתְרָךְ וְאַתְּ מְשַׁלְהֵי וְלָאֵי וְלָא דָחֵיל מִן קֳדָם יְיָ The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [how he met thee by the way, and smote the hindmost of thee, all that were enfeebled in thy rear, when thou wast faint and weary; and he feared not God.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.679/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:DEU:672`. - ← previous: [Deuteronomy 25:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.25.17/) - next →: [Deuteronomy 25:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.25.19/) - ↑ back to [Deuteronomy 25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/25/)