--- title: Deuteronomy 28:31 — Thine ox shall be slain before thine eyes, and thou shalt not eat th… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Thine ox shall be slain before thine eyes, and thou shalt not eat thereof; thine ass shall be violently taken away from before thy face, and shall not be restored to thee; thy sheep shall be given unto thine enemies; and thou shalt have none to save thee. Who acts: thou. Deuteronomy 28:31 in Hebrew --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.28.31/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Deuteronomy](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/) / [chapter 28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/28/) / 28:31 # Deuteronomy 28:31 דְּבָרִים **Who acts:** thou · **What happens:** slay, not eat, take away, not restore, give, have · **To what, where:** ox, ass, face, thee, sheep, none This is Deuteronomy 28:31 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — thou — and what happens in the verse to ox, ass, face, thee, sheep, none, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 34 chapters of Deuteronomy on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. שׁוֹרְךָ֞ טָב֣וּחַ לְעֵינֶ֗יךָ וְלֹ֣א תֹאכַל֮ מִמֶּנּוּ֒ חֲמֹֽרְךָ֙ גָּז֣וּל מִלְּפָנֶ֔יךָ וְלֹ֥א יָשׁ֖וּב לָ֑ךְ צֹֽאנְךָ֙ נְתֻנ֣וֹת לְאֹיְבֶ֔יךָ וְאֵ֥ין לְךָ֖ מוֹשִֽׁיעַ׃ [Thine ox shall be slain before thine eyes, and thou shalt not eat thereof; thine ass shall be violently taken away from before thy face, and shall not be restored to thee; thy sheep shall be given unto thine enemies; and thou shalt have none to save thee.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.768/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:DEU:749 # text = שׁוֹרְךָ֞ טָב֣וּחַ לְעֵינֶ֗יךָ וְלֹ֣א תֹאכַל֮ מִמֶּנּוּ֒ חֲמֹֽרְךָ֙ גָּז֣וּל מִלְּפָנֶ֔יךָ וְלֹ֥א יָשׁ֖וּב לָ֑ךְ צֹֽאנְךָ֙ נְתֻנ֣וֹת לְאֹיְבֶ֔יךָ וְאֵ֥ין לְךָ֖ מוֹשִֽׁיעַ׃ # verse = DEU.28.31 1-2 שׁוֹרְךָ֞ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 שׁוֹר שׁוֹר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ Gloss=ox|Ref=DEU_28:31!1|MId=o050280310011|Strong=7794 2 ְךָ֞ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 1 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=DEU_28:31!1|MId=o050280310012|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 3 טָב֣וּחַ טָבַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=[will.be].slaughtered|Ref=DEU_28:31!2|MId=o050280310021|Strong=2873|Frame=A1:050280310011;|Type=participle_passive 4-6 לְעֵינֶ֗יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=DEU_28:31!3|MId=o050280310031|Strong=3807a 5 עֵינֶ֗י עַיִן NOUN _ Number=Dual 3 obl _ Gloss=eyes|Ref=DEU_28:31!3|MId=o050280310032|Strong=5869 6 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=DEU_28:31!3|MId=o050280310033|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 7-8 וְלֹ֣א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DEU_28:31!4|MId=o050280310041|Strong=2050b 8 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 9 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=DEU_28:31!4|MId=o050280310042|Strong=3808|Type=negative 9 תֹאכַל֮ אָכַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 3 conj _ Gloss=you.will.eat|Ref=DEU_28:31!5|MId=o050280310051|Strong=0398|Frame=A0:050270260132;|Type=yiqtol 10-11 מִמֶּנּוּ֒ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 מִמּ מִן ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=any|Ref=DEU_28:31!6|MId=o050280310061|Strong=4480 11 ֶנּוּ֒ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 9 obl _ Gloss=of.it|Ref=DEU_28:31!6|MId=o050280310062|Strong=5105b|Type=pronominal 12-13 חֲמֹֽרְךָ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 חֲמֹֽר חֲמוֹר NOUN _ Number=Sing 14 nsubj _ Gloss=donkey|Ref=DEU_28:31!7|MId=o050280310071|Strong=2543 13 ְךָ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=DEU_28:31!7|MId=o050280310072|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 14 גָּז֣וּל גָּזַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 3 parataxis _ Gloss=[will.be].seized|Ref=DEU_28:31!8|MId=o050280310081|Strong=1497|Frame=A1:050280310071;|Type=participle_passive 15-18 מִלְּפָנֶ֔יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=DEU_28:31!9|MId=o050280310091|Strong=4480 16 לְּ לְ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=DEU_28:31!9|MId=o050280310092|Strong=3807a 17 פָנֶ֔י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 14 obl _ Gloss=face|Ref=DEU_28:31!9|MId=o050280310093|Strong=6440 18 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 17 nmod:poss _ Gloss=you|Ref=DEU_28:31!9|MId=o050280310094|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 19-20 וְלֹ֥א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DEU_28:31!10|MId=o050280310101|Strong=2050b 20 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 21 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=DEU_28:31!10|MId=o050280310102|Strong=3808|Type=negative 21 יָשׁ֖וּב שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 14 conj _ Gloss=anyone.will.return.[it]|Ref=DEU_28:31!11|MId=o050280310111|Strong=7725|Frame=A0:050280310071;|Type=yiqtol 22-23 לָ֑ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 ל לְ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=DEU_28:31!12|MId=o050280310121|Strong=3807a 23 ָ֑ךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 21 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=DEU_28:31!12|MId=o050280310122|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 24-25 צֹֽאנְךָ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 צֹֽאנ צֹאן NOUN _ Number=Sing 26 nsubj _ Gloss=flock|Ref=DEU_28:31!13|MId=o050280310131|Strong=6629 25 ְךָ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=DEU_28:31!13|MId=o050280310132|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 26 נְתֻנ֣וֹת נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 3 parataxis _ Gloss=[will.be].given|Ref=DEU_28:31!14|MId=o050280310141|Strong=5414|Frame=A1:050280310131;|Type=participle_passive 27-29 לְאֹיְבֶ֔יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=DEU_28:31!15|MId=o050280310151|Strong=3807a 28 אֹיְבֶ֔י אָיַב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 26 obl _ Gloss=enemies|Ref=DEU_28:31!15|MId=o050280310152|Strong=0341|Type=participle_active 29 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 28 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=DEU_28:31!15|MId=o050280310153|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 30-31 וְאֵ֥ין _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 31 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DEU_28:31!16|MId=o050280310161|Strong=2050b 31 אֵ֥ין אַיִן ADV _ _ 26 conj _ Gloss=there.[will].not.[be]|Ref=DEU_28:31!16|MId=o050280310162|Strong=0369|Type=negative 32-33 לְךָ֖ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 ל לְ ADP _ _ 33 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=DEU_28:31!17|MId=o050280310171|Strong=3807a 33 ְךָ֖ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 31 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=DEU_28:31!17|MId=o050280310172|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 34 מוֹשִֽׁיעַ יָשַׁע NOUN _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing 31 nsubj _ Gloss=a.deliverer|Ref=DEU_28:31!18|MId=o050280310181|Strong=3467a|Type=participle_active|SpaceAfter=No 35 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 34 punct _ Ref=DEU_28:31!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | טָבוּחַ *\[will be\] slaughtered* | participle passive · qal | | שׁוֹר *ox* | | | | **not** תֹאכַל *you will eat* | yiqtol · qal | | | | | | גָּזוּל *\[will be\] seized* | participle passive · qal | | חֲמֹֽר *donkey* | | | | **not** יָשׁוּב *anyone will return \[it\]* | yiqtol · qal | חֲמֹֽר *donkey* | | | | | **not** נְתֻנוֹת *\[will be\] given* | participle passive · qal | | צֹֽאנ *flock* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} תּוֹרָךְ יְהֵי נָכֵס לְעֵינָיךְ וְלָא תֵיכוּל מִנֵהּ חֲמָרָךְ יְהֵי אָנֵס מִקֳדָמָךְ וְלָא יְתוּב לָךְ עָנָךְ מְסִירִין לְבַעֲלֵי דְבָבָךְ וְלֵית לָךְ פָּרִיק The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Thine ox shall be slain before thine eyes, and thou shalt not eat thereof; thine ass shall be violently taken away from before thy face, and shall not be restored to thee; thy sheep shall be given unto thine enemies; and thou shalt have none to save thee.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.768/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:DEU:749`. - ← previous: [Deuteronomy 28:30](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.28.30/) - next →: [Deuteronomy 28:32](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.28.32/) - ↑ back to [Deuteronomy 28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/28/)