--- title: Deuteronomy 3:21 — And I commanded Joshua at that time, saying: 'Thine eyes have seen a… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And I commanded Joshua at that time, saying: 'Thine eyes have seen all that the LORD your God hath done unto these two kings; so shall the LORD do unto all the kingdoms whither thou goest over. Who acts: I, eyes, LORD, thou. Deuteronomy 3:21 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 19 --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.3.21/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Deuteronomy](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/) / [chapter 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/3/) / 3:21 # Deuteronomy 3:21 דְּבָרִים **Who acts:** I, eyes, LORD, thou · **What happens:** command, say, see, do, go over · **To what, where:** Joshua, all · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Deuteronomy 3:21 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, eyes, LORD, thou — and what happens in the verse to Joshua, all, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 34 chapters of Deuteronomy on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְאֶת־יְהוֹשׁ֣וּעַ צִוֵּ֔יתִי בָּעֵ֥ת הַהִ֖וא לֵאמֹ֑ר עֵינֶ֣יךָ הָרֹאֹ֗ת אֵת֩ כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשָׂ֜ה יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם֙ לִשְׁנֵי֙ הַמְּלָכִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה כֵּֽן־יַעֲשֶׂ֤ה יְהוָה֙ לְכָל־הַמַּמְלָכ֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַתָּ֖ה עֹבֵ֥ר שָֽׁמָּה׃ [And I commanded Joshua at that time, saying: 'Thine eyes have seen all that the LORD your God hath done unto these two kings; so shall the LORD do unto all the kingdoms whither thou goest over.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.104/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:DEU:103 # text = וְאֶת־יְהוֹשׁ֣וּעַ צִוֵּ֔יתִי בָּעֵ֥ת הַהִ֖וא לֵאמֹ֑ר עֵינֶ֣יךָ הָרֹאֹ֗ת אֵת֩ כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשָׂ֜ה יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם֙ לִשְׁנֵי֙ הַמְּלָכִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה כֵּֽן־יַעֲשֶׂ֤ה יְהוָה֙ לְכָל־הַמַּמְלָכ֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַתָּ֖ה עֹבֵ֥ר שָֽׁמָּה׃ # verse = DEU.3.21 1-2 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 4 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DEU_3:21!1|MId=o050030210011|Strong=2050b 2 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=DEU_3:21!1|MId=o050030210012|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 3 יְהוֹשׁ֣וּעַ יְהֹושֻׁעַ PROPN _ _ 4 obj _ Gloss=Joshua|Ref=DEU_3:21!2|MId=o050030210021|Strong=3091 4 צִוֵּ֔יתִי צָוָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I.commanded|Ref=DEU_3:21!3|MId=o050030210031|Strong=6680|Frame=A0:050010050061;A1:050030210021;|Type=qatal 5-7 בָּעֵ֥ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 בָּ בְּ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=at|Ref=DEU_3:21!4|MId=o050030210041|Strong=0871a 6 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=DEU_3:21!4|MId=o050030210041ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 עֵ֥ת עֵת NOUN _ Number=Sing 4 obl _ Gloss=time|Ref=DEU_3:21!4|MId=o050030210042|Strong=6256 8-9 הַהִ֖וא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=DEU_3:21!5|MId=o050030210051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 הִ֖וא הִיא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 det _ Gloss=that|Ref=DEU_3:21!5|MId=o050030210052|Strong=1931a|Type=personal 10-11 לֵאמֹ֑ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 15 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=DEU_3:21!6|MId=o050030210061|Strong=3807a 11 אמֹ֑ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 10 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=DEU_3:21!6|MId=o050030210062|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:050010050061;|Type=infinitive_construct 12-13 עֵינֶ֣יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 עֵינֶ֣י עַיִן NOUN _ Number=Dual 15 nsubj _ Gloss=eyes|Ref=DEU_3:21!7|MId=o050030210071|Strong=5869 13 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your.own|Ref=DEU_3:21!7|MId=o050030210072|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 14-15 הָרֹאֹ֗ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 הָ הַ SCONJ _ _ 15 mark _ Gloss=[are].the|Ref=DEU_3:21!8|MId=o050030210081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 רֹאֹ֗ת רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 4 ccomp _ Gloss=[ones.which].saw|Ref=DEU_3:21!8|MId=o050030210082|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:050030210071;A1:050030210101;|Type=participle_active 16 אֵת֩ אֵת ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=DEU_3:21!9|MId=o050030210091|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 17 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 obj _ Gloss=all|Ref=DEU_3:21!10|MId=o050030210101|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 18 אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 19 mark _ Gloss=that|Ref=DEU_3:21!11|MId=o050030210111|Strong=0834|Type=relative 19 עָשָׂ֜ה עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 17 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.did|Ref=DEU_3:21!12|MId=o050030210121|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:050030210131;A1:050030210101;|Type=qatal 20 יְהוָ֤ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 19 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=DEU_3:21!13|MId=o050030210131|Strong=3068 21-22 אֱלֹהֵיכֶם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 אֱלֹהֵי אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 20 appos _ Gloss=God|Ref=DEU_3:21!14|MId=o050030210141|Strong=0430 22 כֶם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=DEU_3:21!14|MId=o050030210142|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 23-24 לִשְׁנֵי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=DEU_3:21!15|MId=o050030210151|Strong=3807a 24 שְׁנֵי֙ שְׁנַיִם NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Dual 26 nummod _ Gloss=the.two|Ref=DEU_3:21!15|MId=o050030210152|Strong=8147|Type=cardinal_number 25-26 הַמְּלָכִ֣ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 26 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=DEU_3:21!16|MId=o050030210161|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 26 מְּלָכִ֣ים מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 19 obl _ Gloss=kings|Ref=DEU_3:21!16|MId=o050030210162|Strong=4428 27-28 הָאֵ֔לֶּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 28 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=DEU_3:21!17|MId=o050030210171|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 28 אֵ֔לֶּה אֵלֶּה DET _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 26 det _ Gloss=these|Ref=DEU_3:21!17|MId=o050030210172|Strong=0428|Type=demonstrative 29 כֵּֽן־ כֵּן ADV _ _ 30 advmod _ Gloss=thus|Ref=DEU_3:21!18|MId=o050030210181|Strong=3651|Type=demonstrative|SpaceAfter=No 30 יַעֲשֶׂ֤ה עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 15 parataxis _ Gloss=he.will.do|Ref=DEU_3:21!19|MId=o050030210191|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:050030210201;|Type=yiqtol 31 יְהוָה֙ יהוה PROPN _ _ 30 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=DEU_3:21!20|MId=o050030210201|Strong=3068 32-33 לְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 33 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=DEU_3:21!21|MId=o050030210211|Strong=3807a 33 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 30 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=DEU_3:21!21|MId=o050030210212|Strong=3605 34-35 הַמַּמְלָכ֔וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 35 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=DEU_3:21!22|MId=o050030210221|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 35 מַּמְלָכ֔וֹת מַמְלָכָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 33 compound:smixut _ Gloss=kingdoms|Ref=DEU_3:21!22|MId=o050030210222|Strong=4467 36 אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 38 mark _ Gloss=where|Ref=DEU_3:21!23|MId=o050030210231|Strong=0834|Type=relative 37 אַתָּ֖ה אַתָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 38 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=DEU_3:21!24|MId=o050030210241|Strong=0859|Type=personal 38 עֹבֵ֥ר עָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 33 acl:relcl _ Gloss=[are].about.to.pass.over|Ref=DEU_3:21!25|MId=o050030210251|Strong=5674|Frame=A0:050030210241;|Type=participle_active 39-40 שָֽׁמָּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 שָֽׁמּ שָׁם ADV _ _ 38 advmod _ Gloss=there|Ref=DEU_3:21!26|MId=o050030210261|Strong=8033 40 ָה ה X _ _ 39 nmod _ Gloss=(to)|Ref=DEU_3:21!26|MId=o050030210262|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 41 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 40 punct _ Ref=DEU_3:21!26 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | צִוֵּיתִי *I commanded* | qatal · piel | | יְהוֹשׁוּעַ *Joshua* | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | | | | | | רֹאֹת *\[ones which\] saw* | participle active · qal | עֵינֶי *eyes* | כָּל־ *all* | | | | עָשָׂה *he did* | qatal · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | כָּל־ *all* | | | | יַעֲשֶׂה *he will do* | yiqtol · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | עֹבֵר *\[are\] about to pass over* | participle active · qal | אַתָּה *you* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וְיָת יְהוֹשׁוּעַ פַּקֵדִית בְּעִדָנָא הַהִיא לְמֵימָר עֵינָיךְ חֲזָאָן יָת כָּל דִי עֲבַד יְיָ אֱלָהֲכוֹן לִתְרֵין מַלְכַיָא הָאִלֵין כֵּן יַעְבֵּד יְיָ לְכָל מַלְכְּוָתָא דִי אַתְּ עָבֵר לְתַמָן The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And I commanded Joshua at that time, saying: 'Thine eyes have seen all that the LORD your God hath done unto these two kings; so shall the LORD do unto all the kingdoms whither thou goest over.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.104/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:DEU:103`. - ← previous: [Deuteronomy 3:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.3.20/) - next →: [Deuteronomy 3:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.3.22/) - ↑ back to [Deuteronomy 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/3/)