--- title: Deuteronomy 30:19 — I call heaven and earth to witness against you this day, that I have… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: I call heaven and earth to witness against you this day, that I have set before thee life and death, the blessing and the curse; therefore choose life, that thou mayest live, thou and thy seed; Who acts: I, thou. Deuteronomy 30:19 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.30.19/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Deuteronomy](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/) / [chapter 30](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/30/) / 30:19 # Deuteronomy 30:19 דְּבָרִים **Who acts:** I, thou · **What happens:** call, witness, set, choose, live · **To what, where:** heaven, life, thee · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Deuteronomy 30:19 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, thou — and what happens in the verse to heaven, life, thee, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 34 chapters of Deuteronomy on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. הַעִידֹ֨תִי בָכֶ֣ם הַיּוֹם֮ אֶת־הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם וְאֶת־הָאָרֶץ֒ הַחַיִּ֤ים וְהַמָּ֙וֶת֙ נָתַ֣תִּי לְפָנֶ֔יךָ הַבְּרָכָ֖ה וְהַקְּלָלָ֑ה וּבָֽחַרְתָּ֙ בַּֽחַיִּ֔ים לְמַ֥עַן תִּחְיֶ֖ה אַתָּ֥ה וְזַרְעֶֽךָ׃ [I call heaven and earth to witness against you this day, that I have set before thee life and death, the blessing and the curse; therefore choose life, that thou mayest live, thou and thy seed;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.853/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:DEU:834 # text = הַעִידֹ֨תִי בָכֶ֣ם הַיּוֹם֮ אֶת־הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם וְאֶת־הָאָרֶץ֒ הַחַיִּ֤ים וְהַמָּ֙וֶת֙ נָתַ֣תִּי לְפָנֶ֔יךָ הַבְּרָכָ֖ה וְהַקְּלָלָ֑ה וּבָֽחַרְתָּ֙ בַּֽחַיִּ֔ים לְמַ֥עַן תִּחְיֶ֖ה אַתָּ֥ה וְזַרְעֶֽךָ׃ # verse = DEU.30.19 1 הַעִידֹ֨תִי עוּד VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I.call.as.witnesses|Ref=DEU_30:19!1|MId=o050300190011|Strong=5749a|Frame=AA:050290010021;A0:050300190052;050300190072;|Type=qatal 2-3 בָכֶ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 ב בְּ ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=against|Ref=DEU_30:19!2|MId=o050300190021|Strong=0871a 3 ָכֶ֣ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 1 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=DEU_30:19!2|MId=o050300190022|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 4-5 הַיּוֹם֮ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=DEU_30:19!3|MId=o050300190031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 יּוֹם֮ יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 obl _ Gloss=day|Ref=DEU_30:19!3|MId=o050300190032|Strong=3117 6 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=DEU_30:19!4|MId=o050300190041|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 7-8 הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 8 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=DEU_30:19!5|MId=o050300190051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 8 שָּׁמַ֣יִם שָׁמַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 1 obj _ Gloss=heavens|Ref=DEU_30:19!5|MId=o050300190052|Strong=8064 9-10 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DEU_30:19!6|MId=o050300190061|Strong=2050b 10 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=DEU_30:19!6|MId=o050300190062|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 11-12 הָאָרֶץ֒ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=DEU_30:19!7|MId=o050300190071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 אָרֶץ֒ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 8 conj _ Gloss=earth|Ref=DEU_30:19!7|MId=o050300190072|Strong=0776 13-14 הַחַיִּ֤ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=DEU_30:19!8|MId=o050300190081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 חַיִּ֤ים חַיִּים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 18 obj _ Gloss=life|Ref=DEU_30:19!8|MId=o050300190082|Strong=2416 15-17 וְהַמָּ֙וֶת֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DEU_30:19!9|MId=o050300190091|Strong=2050b 16 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 17 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=DEU_30:19!9|MId=o050300190092|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 17 מָּ֙וֶת֙ מָוֶת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 conj _ Gloss=death|Ref=DEU_30:19!9|MId=o050300190093|Strong=4194 18 נָתַ֣תִּי נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 1 parataxis _ Gloss=I.have.set|Ref=DEU_30:19!10|MId=o050300190101|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:050290010021;A1:050300190082;050300190093;050300190122;050300190133;|Type=qatal 19-21 לְפָנֶ֔יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=DEU_30:19!11|MId=o050300190111|Strong=3807a 20 פָנֶ֔י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 18 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=DEU_30:19!11|MId=o050300190112|Strong=6440 21 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 20 nmod:poss _ Gloss=you|Ref=DEU_30:19!11|MId=o050300190113|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 22-23 הַבְּרָכָ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 23 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=DEU_30:19!12|MId=o050300190121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 23 בְּרָכָ֖ה בְּרָכָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 18 parataxis _ Gloss=blessing|Ref=DEU_30:19!12|MId=o050300190122|Strong=1293 24-26 וְהַקְּלָלָ֑ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DEU_30:19!13|MId=o050300190131|Strong=2050b 25 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 26 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=DEU_30:19!13|MId=o050300190132|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 26 קְּלָלָ֑ה קְלָלָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 23 conj _ Gloss=curse|Ref=DEU_30:19!13|MId=o050300190133|Strong=7045 27-28 וּבָֽחַרְתָּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 28 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DEU_30:19!14|MId=o050300190141|Strong=2050b 28 בָֽחַרְתָּ֙ בָּחַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 1 conj _ Gloss=you.will.choose|Ref=DEU_30:19!14|MId=o050300190142|Strong=0977|Frame=A0:050290200061;|Type=weqatal 29-31 בַּֽחַיִּ֔ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 בַּֽ בְּ ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=(in|Ref=DEU_30:19!15|MId=o050300190151|Strong=0871a 30 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 31 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=DEU_30:19!15|MId=o050300190151ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 31 חַיִּ֔ים חַיִּים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 28 obl _ Gloss=life|Ref=DEU_30:19!15|MId=o050300190152|Strong=2416 32 לְמַ֥עַן לְמַעַן SCONJ _ _ 33 mark _ Gloss=so.that|Ref=DEU_30:19!16|MId=o050300190161|Strong=4616 33 תִּחְיֶ֖ה חָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 28 parataxis _ Gloss=you.may.live|Ref=DEU_30:19!17|MId=o050300190171|Strong=2421|Frame=A0:050300190181;050300190192;|Type=yiqtol 34 אַתָּ֥ה אַתָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 33 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=DEU_30:19!18|MId=o050300190181|Strong=0859|Type=personal 35-37 וְזַרְעֶֽךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 36 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DEU_30:19!19|MId=o050300190191|Strong=2050b 36 זַרְע זֶרַע NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 34 conj _ Gloss=offspring|Ref=DEU_30:19!19|MId=o050300190192|Strong=2233 37 ֶֽךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 36 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=DEU_30:19!19|MId=o050300190193|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 38 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 37 punct _ Ref=DEU_30:19!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הַעִידֹתִי *I call as witnesses* | qatal · hiphil | שָּׁמַיִם *heavens* + אָרֶץ *earth* | | | | | נָתַתִּי *I have set* | qatal · qal | | חַיִּים *life* + מָּוֶת *death* + בְּרָכָה *blessing* + קְּלָלָה *curse* | | | | בָֽחַרְתָּ *you will choose* | weqatal · qal | | | | | | תִּחְיֶה *you may live* | yiqtol · qal | אַתָּה *you* + זַרְע *offspring* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} אַסְהֵדִית בְּכוֹן יוֹמָא דֵין יָת שְׁמַיָא וְיָת אַרְעָא חַיֵי וּמוֹתָא יְהָבִית קֳדָמָךְ בִּרְכָן וּלְוָטִין וְתִתִּרְעֵי בְּחַיֵי בְּדִיל דְתֵיחֵי אַתְּ וּבְנָיךְ The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [I call heaven and earth to witness against you this day, that I have set before thee life and death, the blessing and the curse; therefore choose life, that thou mayest live, thou and thy seed;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.853/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:DEU:834`. - ← previous: [Deuteronomy 30:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.30.18/) - next →: [Deuteronomy 30:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.30.20/) - ↑ back to [Deuteronomy 30](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/30/)