--- title: Deuteronomy 31:21 — then it shall come to pass, when many evils and troubles are come up… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: then it shall come to pass, when many evils and troubles are come upon them, that this song shall testify before them as a witness; for it shall not be forgotten out of the mouths of their seed; for I know their imagination how they do even now, before I have brought them into the land which I swore --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.31.21/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Deuteronomy](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/) / [chapter 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/31/) / 31:21 # Deuteronomy 31:21 דְּבָרִים **Who acts:** covenant, many evils, song, I, children · **What happens:** come, pass, testify, not forget, know, do · **To what, where:** covenant, mouths, imagination, children, land · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Deuteronomy 31:21 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — covenant, many evils, song, I, children — and what happens in the verse to covenant, mouths, imagination, children, land, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 34 chapters of Deuteronomy on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְ֠הָיָה כִּֽי־תִמְצֶ֨אןָ אֹת֜וֹ רָע֣וֹת רַבּוֹת֮ וְצָרוֹת֒ וְ֠עָנְתָה הַשִּׁירָ֨ה הַזֹּ֤את לְפָנָיו֙ לְעֵ֔ד כִּ֛י לֹ֥א תִשָּׁכַ֖ח מִפִּ֣י זַרְע֑וֹ כִּ֧י יָדַ֣עְתִּי אֶת־יִצְר֗וֹ אֲשֶׁ֨ר ה֤וּא עֹשֶׂה֙ הַיּ֔וֹם בְּטֶ֣רֶם אֲבִיאֶ֔נּוּ אֶל־הָאָ֖רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר נִשְׁבָּֽעְתִּי׃ [then it shall come to pass, when many evils and troubles are come upon them, that this song shall testify before them as a witness; for it shall not be forgotten out of the mouths of their seed; for I know their imagination how they do even now, before I have brought them into the land which I swore.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.875/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:DEU:856 # text = וְ֠הָיָה כִּֽי־תִמְצֶ֨אןָ אֹת֜וֹ רָע֣וֹת רַבּוֹת֮ וְצָרוֹת֒ וְ֠עָנְתָה הַשִּׁירָ֨ה הַזֹּ֤את לְפָנָיו֙ לְעֵ֔ד כִּ֛י לֹ֥א תִשָּׁכַ֖ח מִפִּ֣י זַרְע֑וֹ כִּ֧י יָדַ֣עְתִּי אֶת־יִצְר֗וֹ אֲשֶׁ֨ר ה֤וּא עֹשֶׂה֙ הַיּ֔וֹם בְּטֶ֣רֶם אֲבִיאֶ֔נּוּ אֶל־הָאָ֖רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר נִשְׁבָּֽעְתִּי׃ # verse = DEU.31.21 1-2 וְ֠הָיָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ֠ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DEU_31:21!1|MId=o050310210011|Strong=2050b 2 הָיָה הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.will.be|Ref=DEU_31:21!1|MId=o050310210012|Strong=1961|Type=weqatal 3 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 4 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=DEU_31:21!2|MId=o050310210021|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 4 תִמְצֶ֨אןָ מָצָא VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 advcl _ Gloss=they.will.come.upon|Ref=DEU_31:21!3|MId=o050310210031|Strong=4672|Frame=A1:050310210042;A0:050310210051;050310210072;|Type=yiqtol 5-6 אֹת֜וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 אֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=|Ref=DEU_31:21!4|MId=o050310210041|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 6 ֜וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 obj _ Gloss=it|Ref=DEU_31:21!4|MId=o050310210042|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 7 רָע֣וֹת רָעָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ Gloss=calamities|Ref=DEU_31:21!5|MId=o050310210051|Strong=7451b 8 רַבּוֹת֮ רַב ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 7 amod _ Gloss=many|Ref=DEU_31:21!6|MId=o050310210061|Strong=7227|Type=adjective 9-10 וְצָרוֹת֒ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DEU_31:21!7|MId=o050310210071|Strong=2050b 10 צָרוֹת֒ צָרָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 7 conj _ Gloss=troubles|Ref=DEU_31:21!7|MId=o050310210072|Strong=6869 11-12 וְ֠עָנְתָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וְ֠ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DEU_31:21!8|MId=o050310210081|Strong=2050b 12 עָנְתָה עָנָה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.will.testify|Ref=DEU_31:21!8|MId=o050310210082|Strong=6030|Frame=A0:050310210092;|Type=weqatal 13-14 הַשִּׁירָ֨ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=DEU_31:21!9|MId=o050310210091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 שִּׁירָ֨ה שִׁירָה NOUN _ Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ Gloss=song|Ref=DEU_31:21!9|MId=o050310210092|Strong=7892a 15-16 הַזֹּ֤את _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=DEU_31:21!10|MId=o050310210101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 זֹּ֤את זֹאת DET _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 14 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=DEU_31:21!10|MId=o050310210102|Strong=2063|Type=demonstrative 17-19 לְפָנָיו֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=DEU_31:21!11|MId=o050310210111|Strong=3807a 18 פָנָי פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 12 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=DEU_31:21!11|MId=o050310210112|Strong=6440 19 ו֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ Gloss=it|Ref=DEU_31:21!11|MId=o050310210113|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 20-21 לְעֵ֔ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=DEU_31:21!12|MId=o050310210121|Strong=3807a 21 עֵ֔ד עֵד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 obl _ Gloss=a.witness|Ref=DEU_31:21!12|MId=o050310210122|Strong=5707 22 כִּ֛י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 24 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=DEU_31:21!13|MId=o050310210131|Strong=3588 23 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 24 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=DEU_31:21!14|MId=o050310210141|Strong=3808|Type=negative 24 תִשָּׁכַ֖ח שָׁכַח VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 advcl _ Gloss=it.will.be.forgotten|Ref=DEU_31:21!15|MId=o050310210151|Strong=7911|Frame=A1:050310210092;|Type=yiqtol 25-26 מִפִּ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=DEU_31:21!16|MId=o050310210161|Strong=4480 26 פִּ֣י פֶּה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 24 obl _ Gloss=the.mouth|Ref=DEU_31:21!16|MId=o050310210162|Strong=6310 27-28 זַרְע֑וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 זַרְע זֶרַע NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 26 compound:smixut _ Gloss=its.offspring|Ref=DEU_31:21!17|MId=o050310210171|Strong=2233 28 ֑וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=DEU_31:21!17|MId=o050310210172|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 29 כִּ֧י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 30 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=DEU_31:21!18|MId=o050310210181|Strong=3588 30 יָדַ֣עְתִּי יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 advcl _ Gloss=I.know|Ref=DEU_31:21!19|MId=o050310210191|Strong=3045|Frame=A0:050310160021;A1:050310210211;|Type=qatal 31 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=DEU_31:21!20|MId=o050310210201|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 32-33 יִצְר֗וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 יִצְר יֵצֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 30 obj _ Gloss=inclination|Ref=DEU_31:21!21|MId=o050310210211|Strong=3336 33 ֗וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=DEU_31:21!21|MId=o050310210212|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 34 אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 36 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=DEU_31:21!22|MId=o050310210221|Strong=0834|Type=relative 35 ה֤וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 36 nsubj _ Gloss=it|Ref=DEU_31:21!23|MId=o050310210231|Strong=1931|Type=personal 36 עֹשֶׂה֙ עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 32 acl:relcl _ Gloss=[is].making|Ref=DEU_31:21!24|MId=o050310210241|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:050310210231;A1:050310210211;|Type=participle_active 37-38 הַיּ֔וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 38 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=DEU_31:21!25|MId=o050310210251|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 38 יּ֔וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 36 obl _ Gloss=day|Ref=DEU_31:21!25|MId=o050310210252|Strong=3117 39-40 בְּטֶ֣רֶם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 40 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=DEU_31:21!26|MId=o050310210261|Strong=0871a 40 טֶ֣רֶם טֶרֶם ADV _ _ 41 nmod _ Gloss=|Ref=DEU_31:21!26|MId=o050310210262|Strong=2962 41-42 אֲבִיאֶ֔נּוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 אֲבִיא בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 30 parataxis _ Gloss=I|Ref=DEU_31:21!27|MId=o050310210271|Strong=0935|Frame=AA:050310160021;A0:050310210272;|Type=yiqtol 42 ֶ֔נּוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 41 obj _ Gloss=will.bring.it|Ref=DEU_31:21!27|MId=o050310210272|Strong=5105b|Type=pronominal 43 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 45 case _ Gloss=into|Ref=DEU_31:21!28|MId=o050310210281|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 44-45 הָאָ֖רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 45 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=DEU_31:21!29|MId=o050310210291|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 45 אָ֖רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 41 obl _ Gloss=land|Ref=DEU_31:21!29|MId=o050310210292|Strong=0776 46 אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 47 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=DEU_31:21!30|MId=o050310210301|Strong=0834|Type=relative 47 נִשְׁבָּֽעְתִּי שָׁבַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 45 acl:relcl _ Gloss=I.swore|Ref=DEU_31:21!31|MId=o050310210311|Strong=7650|Frame=A0:050310160021;A1:050310210292;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 48 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 47 punct _ Ref=DEU_31:21!31 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | תִמְצֶאןָ *they will come upon* | yiqtol · qal | רָעוֹת *calamities* + צָרוֹת *troubles* | וֹ *it* | | | | עָנְתָה *it will testify* | weqatal · qal | שִּׁירָה *song* | | | | | **not** תִשָּׁכַח *it will be forgotten* | yiqtol · niphal | | שִּׁירָה *song* | | | | יָדַעְתִּי *I know* | qatal · qal | | יִצְר *inclination* | | | | עֹשֶׂה *\[is\] making* | participle active · qal | הוּא *it* | יִצְר *inclination* | | | | אֲבִיא *I* | yiqtol · hiphil | ֶנּוּ *will bring it* | | | | | נִשְׁבָּֽעְתִּי *I swore* | qatal · niphal | | אָרֶץ *land* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וִיהֵי אֲרֵי יְעָרְעָן יָתֵהּ בִּישָׁן סַגִיאָן וְעָקָן וְתָתֵב תֻּשְׁבַּחְתָּא הָדָא קֳדָמוֹהִי לְסָהִיד אֲרֵי לָא תִתְנְשֵׁי מִפּוּם בֵּנֵיהוֹן ארֵי גִלֵי קֳדָמַי יָת יִצְרְהוֹן דִי אִנוּן עָבְדִין יוֹמָא דֵין עַד לָא אָעֵלִנוּן לְאַרְעָא דִי קַיֵמִית The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [then it shall come to pass, when many evils and troubles are come upon them, that this song shall testify before them as a witness; for it shall not be forgotten out of the mouths of their seed; for I know their imagination how they do even now, before I have brought them into the land which I swore.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.875/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:DEU:856`. - ← previous: [Deuteronomy 31:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.31.20/) - next →: [Deuteronomy 31:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.31.22/) - ↑ back to [Deuteronomy 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/31/)