--- title: Deuteronomy 4:12 — And the LORD spoke unto you out of the midst of the fire; ye heard t… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the LORD spoke unto you out of the midst of the fire; ye heard the voice of words, but ye saw no form; only a voice. Who acts: LORD, ye. Deuteronomy 4:12 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.4.12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Deuteronomy](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/4/) / 4:12 # Deuteronomy 4:12 דְּבָרִים **Who acts:** LORD, ye · **What happens:** speak, hear, see · **To what, where:** midst, voice, form · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Deuteronomy 4:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — LORD, ye — and what happens in the verse to midst, voice, form, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 34 chapters of Deuteronomy on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיְדַבֵּ֧ר יְהוָ֛ה אֲלֵיכֶ֖ם מִתּ֣וֹךְ הָאֵ֑שׁ ק֤וֹל דְּבָרִים֙ אַתֶּ֣ם שֹׁמְעִ֔ים וּתְמוּנָ֛ה אֵינְכֶ֥ם רֹאִ֖ים זוּלָתִ֥י קֽוֹל׃ [And the LORD spoke unto you out of the midst of the fire; ye heard the voice of words, but ye saw no form; only a voice.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.124/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:DEU:123 # text = וַיְדַבֵּ֧ר יְהוָ֛ה אֲלֵיכֶ֖ם מִתּ֣וֹךְ הָאֵ֑שׁ ק֤וֹל דְּבָרִים֙ אַתֶּ֣ם שֹׁמְעִ֔ים וּתְמוּנָ֛ה אֵינְכֶ֥ם רֹאִ֖ים זוּלָתִ֥י קֽוֹל׃ # verse = DEU.4.12 1-2 וַיְדַבֵּ֧ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DEU_4:12!1|MId=o050040120011|Strong=2050b 2 יְדַבֵּ֧ר דָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.spoke|Ref=DEU_4:12!1|MId=o050040120012|Strong=1696|Frame=A0:050040120021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 יְהוָ֛ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=DEU_4:12!2|MId=o050040120021|Strong=3068 4-5 אֲלֵיכֶ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 אֲלֵי אֶל ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=DEU_4:12!3|MId=o050040120031|Strong=0413 5 כֶ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 2 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=DEU_4:12!3|MId=o050040120032|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 6-7 מִתּ֣וֹךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=DEU_4:12!4|MId=o050040120041|Strong=4480 7 תּ֣וֹךְ תָּוֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=the.middle|Ref=DEU_4:12!4|MId=o050040120042|Strong=8432 8-9 הָאֵ֑שׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=DEU_4:12!5|MId=o050040120051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 אֵ֑שׁ אֵשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.fire|Ref=DEU_4:12!5|MId=o050040120052|Strong=0784 10 ק֤וֹל קוֹל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 obj _ Gloss=a.sound|Ref=DEU_4:12!6|MId=o050040120061|Strong=6963 11 דְּבָרִים֙ דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 10 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.words|Ref=DEU_4:12!7|MId=o050040120071|Strong=1697 12 אַתֶּ֣ם אַתֶּם PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 13 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=DEU_4:12!8|MId=o050040120081|Strong=0859a|Type=personal 13 שֹׁמְעִ֔ים שָׁמַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 2 ccomp _ Gloss=[were].hearing|Ref=DEU_4:12!9|MId=o050040120091|Strong=8085|Frame=A1:050040120061;A0:050040120081;|Type=participle_active 14-15 וּתְמוּנָ֛ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DEU_4:12!10|MId=o050040120101|Strong=2050b 15 תְמוּנָ֛ה תְּמוּנָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 18 obj _ Gloss=a.form|Ref=DEU_4:12!10|MId=o050040120102|Strong=8544 16-17 אֵינְכֶ֥ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 אֵינ אַיִן ADV _ _ 18 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=DEU_4:12!11|MId=o050040120111|Strong=0369|Type=negative 17 ְכֶ֥ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 18 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=DEU_4:12!11|MId=o050040120112|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 18 רֹאִ֖ים רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 13 conj _ Gloss=[were].seeing|Ref=DEU_4:12!12|MId=o050040120121|Strong=7200|Frame=A1:050040120102;A0:050040120112;|Type=participle_active 19 זוּלָתִ֥י זוּלָה ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=except|Ref=DEU_4:12!13|MId=o050040120131|Strong=2108 20 קֽוֹל קוֹל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 obl _ Gloss=a.voice|Ref=DEU_4:12!14|MId=o050040120141|Strong=6963|SpaceAfter=No 21 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 20 punct _ Ref=DEU_4:12!14 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יְדַבֵּר *he spoke* | wayyiqtol · piel | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | שֹׁמְעִים *\[were\] hearing* | participle active · qal | אַתֶּם *you* | קוֹל *a sound* | | | | **not** רֹאִים *\[were\] seeing* | participle active · qal | ְכֶם *you* | תְמוּנָה *a form* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וּמַלִיל יְיָ עִמְכוֹן מִגוֹ אֶשְׁתָא קַל פִּתְגָמִין אַתּוּן שָׁמְעִין וּדְמוּת לֵיתֵיכוֹן חָזָן אֱלָהֵן קָלָא The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the LORD spoke unto you out of the midst of the fire; ye heard the voice of words, but ye saw no form; only a voice.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.124/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:DEU:123`. - ← previous: [Deuteronomy 4:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.4.11/) - next →: [Deuteronomy 4:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.4.13/) - ↑ back to [Deuteronomy 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/4/)