--- title: Deuteronomy 4:2 — Ye shall not add unto the word which I command you, neither shall ye… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Ye shall not add unto the word which I command you, neither shall ye diminish from it, that ye may keep the commandments of the LORD your God which I command you. Who acts: Ye, I. Deuteronomy 4:2 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.4.2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Deuteronomy](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/4/) / 4:2 # Deuteronomy 4:2 דְּבָרִים **Who acts:** Ye, I · **What happens:** not add, command, diminish, keep · **To what, where:** word, commandments, God, LORD · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Deuteronomy 4:2 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Ye, I — and what happens in the verse to word, commandments, God, LORD, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 34 chapters of Deuteronomy on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. לֹ֣א תֹסִ֗פוּ עַל־הַדָּבָר֙ אֲשֶׁ֤ר אָנֹכִי֙ מְצַוֶּ֣ה אֶתְכֶ֔ם וְלֹ֥א תִגְרְע֖וּ מִמֶּ֑נּוּ לִשְׁמֹ֗ר אֶת־מִצְוֺת֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר אָנֹכִ֖י מְצַוֶּ֥ה אֶתְכֶֽם׃ [Ye shall not add unto the word which I command you, neither shall ye diminish from it, that ye may keep the commandments of the LORD your God which I command you.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.114/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:DEU:113 # text = לֹ֣א תֹסִ֗פוּ עַל־הַדָּבָר֙ אֲשֶׁ֤ר אָנֹכִי֙ מְצַוֶּ֣ה אֶתְכֶ֔ם וְלֹ֥א תִגְרְע֖וּ מִמֶּ֑נּוּ לִשְׁמֹ֗ר אֶת־מִצְוֺת֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר אָנֹכִ֖י מְצַוֶּ֥ה אֶתְכֶֽם׃ # verse = DEU.4.2 1 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 2 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=DEU_4:2!1|MId=o050040020011|Strong=3808|Type=negative 2 תֹסִ֗פוּ יָסַף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=you.must.add|Ref=DEU_4:2!2|MId=o050040020021|Strong=3254|Frame=A0:050040010021;|Type=yiqtol 3 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=DEU_4:2!3|MId=o050040020031|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 4-5 הַדָּבָר֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=DEU_4:2!4|MId=o050040020041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 דָּבָר֙ דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=word|Ref=DEU_4:2!4|MId=o050040020042|Strong=1697 6 אֲשֶׁ֤ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 8 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=DEU_4:2!5|MId=o050040020051|Strong=0834|Type=relative 7 אָנֹכִי֙ אָנֹכִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 8 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=DEU_4:2!6|MId=o050040020061|Strong=0595|Type=personal 8 מְצַוֶּ֣ה צָוָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing 5 acl:relcl _ Gloss=[am].about.to.command|Ref=DEU_4:2!7|MId=o050040020071|Strong=6680|Frame=A0:050040020061;A2:050040020082;A1:050040020042;|Type=participle_active 9-10 אֶתְכֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 אֶת אֵת ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=|Ref=DEU_4:2!8|MId=o050040020081|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 10 ְכֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 8 obj _ Gloss=you|Ref=DEU_4:2!8|MId=o050040020082|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 11-12 וְלֹ֥א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DEU_4:2!9|MId=o050040020091|Strong=2050b 12 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 13 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=DEU_4:2!9|MId=o050040020092|Strong=3808|Type=negative 13 תִגְרְע֖וּ גָּרַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 2 conj _ Gloss=you.must.diminish|Ref=DEU_4:2!10|MId=o050040020101|Strong=1639|Frame=A0:050040010021;|Type=yiqtol 14-15 מִמֶּ֑נּוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 מִמּ מִן ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=DEU_4:2!11|MId=o050040020111|Strong=4480 15 ֶ֑נּוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 13 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=DEU_4:2!11|MId=o050040020112|Strong=5105b|Type=pronominal 16-17 לִשְׁמֹ֗ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=DEU_4:2!12|MId=o050040020121|Strong=3807a 17 שְׁמֹ֗ר שָׁמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 13 advcl _ Gloss=keep|Ref=DEU_4:2!12|MId=o050040020122|Strong=8104|Frame=A0:050040010021;A1:050040020141;|Type=infinitive_construct 18 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=DEU_4:2!13|MId=o050040020131|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 19 מִצְוֺת֙ מִצְוָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 17 obj _ Gloss=the.commandments|Ref=DEU_4:2!14|MId=o050040020141|Strong=4687 20 יְהוָ֣ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=DEU_4:2!15|MId=o050040020151|Strong=3068 21-22 אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 אֱלֹֽהֵי אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 20 appos _ Gloss=God|Ref=DEU_4:2!16|MId=o050040020161|Strong=0430 22 כֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=DEU_4:2!16|MId=o050040020162|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 23 אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 25 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=DEU_4:2!17|MId=o050040020171|Strong=0834|Type=relative 24 אָנֹכִ֖י אָנֹכִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 25 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=DEU_4:2!18|MId=o050040020181|Strong=0595|Type=personal 25 מְצַוֶּ֥ה צָוָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing 19 acl:relcl _ Gloss=[am].about.to.command|Ref=DEU_4:2!19|MId=o050040020191|Strong=6680|Frame=A0:050040020181;A2:050040020202;A1:050040020141;|Type=participle_active 26-27 אֶתְכֶֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 אֶת אֵת ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=|Ref=DEU_4:2!20|MId=o050040020201|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 27 ְכֶֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 25 obj _ Gloss=you|Ref=DEU_4:2!20|MId=o050040020202|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 28 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 27 punct _ Ref=DEU_4:2!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: request - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes - indirect: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** תֹסִפוּ *you must add* | yiqtol · hiphil | | | | | | מְצַוֶּה *\[am\] about to command* | participle active · piel | אָנֹכִי *I* | דָּבָר *word* | ְכֶם *you* | | | **not** תִגְרְעוּ *you must diminish* | yiqtol · qal | | | | | | שְׁמֹר *keep* | infinitive construct · qal | | מִצְוֺת *the commandments* | | | | מְצַוֶּה *\[am\] about to command* | participle active · piel | אָנֹכִי *I* | מִצְוֺת *the commandments* | ְכֶֽם *you* | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} לָא תוֹסְפוּן עַל פִּתְגָמָא דִי אֲנָא מְפַקֵד יָתְכוֹן וְלָא תִמְנְעוּן מִנֵהּ לְמִטַר יָת פִּקוּדַיָא דַיְיָ אֱלָהֲכוֹן דִי אֲנָא מְפַקֵד יָתְכוֹן The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Ye shall not add unto the word which I command you, neither shall ye diminish from it, that ye may keep the commandments of the LORD your God which I command you.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.114/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:DEU:113`. - ← previous: [Deuteronomy 4:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.4.1/) - next →: [Deuteronomy 4:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.4.3/) - ↑ back to [Deuteronomy 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/4/)