--- title: Deuteronomy 4:26 — I call heaven and earth to witness against you this day, that ye sha… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: I call heaven and earth to witness against you this day, that ye shall soon utterly perish from off the land whereunto ye go over the Jordan to possess it; ye shall not prolong your days upon it, but shall utterly be destroyed. Who acts: I, ye. Deuteronomy 4:26 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Ta --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.4.26/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Deuteronomy](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/4/) / 4:26 # Deuteronomy 4:26 דְּבָרִים **Who acts:** I, ye · **What happens:** call, witness, perish, go, possess, not prolong · **To what, where:** heaven, land, Jordan · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Deuteronomy 4:26 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, ye — and what happens in the verse to heaven, land, Jordan, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 34 chapters of Deuteronomy on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. הַעִידֹתִי֩ בָכֶ֨ם הַיּ֜וֹם אֶת־הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם וְאֶת־הָאָ֗רֶץ כִּֽי־אָבֹ֣ד תֹּאבֵדוּן֮ מַהֵר֒ מֵעַ֣ל הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֨ר אַתֶּ֜ם עֹבְרִ֧ים אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֛ן שָׁ֖מָּה לְרִשְׁתָּ֑הּ לֹֽא־תַאֲרִיכֻ֤ן יָמִים֙ עָלֶ֔יהָ כִּ֥י הִשָּׁמֵ֖ד תִּשָּׁמֵדֽוּן׃ [I call heaven and earth to witness against you this day, that ye shall soon utterly perish from off the land whereunto ye go over the Jordan to possess it; ye shall not prolong your days upon it, but shall utterly be destroyed.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.138/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:DEU:137 # text = הַעִידֹתִי֩ בָכֶ֨ם הַיּ֜וֹם אֶת־הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם וְאֶת־הָאָ֗רֶץ כִּֽי־אָבֹ֣ד תֹּאבֵדוּן֮ מַהֵר֒ מֵעַ֣ל הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֨ר אַתֶּ֜ם עֹבְרִ֧ים אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֛ן שָׁ֖מָּה לְרִשְׁתָּ֑הּ לֹֽא־תַאֲרִיכֻ֤ן יָמִים֙ עָלֶ֔יהָ כִּ֥י הִשָּׁמֵ֖ד תִּשָּׁמֵדֽוּן׃ # verse = DEU.4.26 1 הַעִידֹתִי֩ עוּד VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I.call.as.witnesses|Ref=DEU_4:26!1|MId=o050040260011|Strong=5749a|Frame=AA:050010050061;A0:050040260052;050040260072;|Type=qatal 2-3 בָכֶ֨ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 ב בְּ ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=against|Ref=DEU_4:26!2|MId=o050040260021|Strong=0871a 3 ָכֶ֨ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 1 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=DEU_4:26!2|MId=o050040260022|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 4-5 הַיּ֜וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=DEU_4:26!3|MId=o050040260031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 יּ֜וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 obl _ Gloss=day|Ref=DEU_4:26!3|MId=o050040260032|Strong=3117 6 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=DEU_4:26!4|MId=o050040260041|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 7-8 הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 8 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=DEU_4:26!5|MId=o050040260051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 8 שָּׁמַ֣יִם שָׁמַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 1 obj _ Gloss=heavens|Ref=DEU_4:26!5|MId=o050040260052|Strong=8064 9-10 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DEU_4:26!6|MId=o050040260061|Strong=2050b 10 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=DEU_4:26!6|MId=o050040260062|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 11-12 הָאָ֗רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=DEU_4:26!7|MId=o050040260071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 אָ֗רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 8 conj _ Gloss=earth|Ref=DEU_4:26!7|MId=o050040260072|Strong=0776 13 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 15 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=DEU_4:26!8|MId=o050040260081|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 14 אָבֹ֣ד אָבַד VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 15 obl:npmod _ Gloss=certainly.(perish)|Ref=DEU_4:26!9|MId=o050040260091|Strong=0006|Type=infinitive_absolute 15-16 תֹּאבֵדוּן֮ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 תֹּאבֵדוּ אָבַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 1 advcl _ Gloss=you|Ref=DEU_4:26!10|MId=o050040260101|Strong=0006|Frame=A0:050040040022;|Type=yiqtol 16 ן֮ נ X _ _ 15 nmod _ Gloss=will.perish|Ref=DEU_4:26!10|MId=o050040260102|Strong=4993b|Type=paragogic_nun 17 מַהֵר֒ מַהֵר VERB _ HebBinyan=PIEL 15 obl:npmod _ Gloss=quickly|Ref=DEU_4:26!11|MId=o050040260111|Strong=4118|Type=infinitive_absolute 18-19 מֵעַ֣ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=DEU_4:26!12|MId=o050040260121|Strong=4480 19 עַ֣ל עַל ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=DEU_4:26!12|MId=o050040260122|Strong=5921 20-21 הָאָ֔רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 21 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=DEU_4:26!13|MId=o050040260131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 21 אָ֔רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 15 obl _ Gloss=land|Ref=DEU_4:26!13|MId=o050040260132|Strong=0776 22 אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 24 mark _ Gloss=where|Ref=DEU_4:26!14|MId=o050040260141|Strong=0834|Type=relative 23 אַתֶּ֜ם אַתֶּם PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 24 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=DEU_4:26!15|MId=o050040260151|Strong=0859a|Type=personal 24 עֹבְרִ֧ים עָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 21 acl:relcl _ Gloss=[are].about.to.pass.over|Ref=DEU_4:26!16|MId=o050040260161|Strong=5674|Frame=A0:050040260151;|Type=participle_active 25 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=DEU_4:26!17|MId=o050040260171|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 26-27 הַיַּרְדֵּ֛ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 27 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=DEU_4:26!18|MId=o050040260181|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 27 יַּרְדֵּ֛ן יַרְדֵּן PROPN _ _ 24 obl _ Gloss=Jordan|Ref=DEU_4:26!18|MId=o050040260182|Strong=3383 28-29 שָׁ֖מָּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 שָׁ֖מּ שָׁם ADV _ _ 24 advmod _ Gloss=to|Ref=DEU_4:26!19|MId=o050040260191|Strong=8033 29 ָה ה X _ _ 28 nmod _ Gloss=(to)|Ref=DEU_4:26!19|MId=o050040260192|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 30-32 לְרִשְׁתָּ֑הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=DEU_4:26!20|MId=o050040260201|Strong=3807a 31 רִשְׁתּ יָרַשׁ VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 24 advcl _ Gloss=take|Ref=DEU_4:26!20|MId=o050040260202|Strong=3423|Frame=A0:050040040022;A1:050040260203;|Type=infinitive_construct 32 ָ֑הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 obj _ Gloss=possession.of.it|Ref=DEU_4:26!20|MId=o050040260203|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 33 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 34 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=DEU_4:26!21|MId=o050040260211|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 34-35 תַאֲרִיכֻ֤ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 תַאֲרִיכֻ֤ אָרַךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=2 15 parataxis _ Gloss=you|Ref=DEU_4:26!22|MId=o050040260221|Strong=0748|Frame=AA:050040040022;A0:050040260231;|Type=yiqtol 35 ן נ X _ _ 34 nmod _ Gloss=will.prolong|Ref=DEU_4:26!22|MId=o050040260222|Strong=4993b|Type=paragogic_nun 36 יָמִים֙ יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 34 obj _ Gloss=days|Ref=DEU_4:26!23|MId=o050040260231|Strong=3117 37-38 עָלֶ֔יהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 עָלֶ֔י עַל ADP _ _ 38 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=DEU_4:26!24|MId=o050040260241|Strong=5921 38 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 34 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=DEU_4:26!24|MId=o050040260242|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 39 כִּ֥י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 41 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=DEU_4:26!25|MId=o050040260251|Strong=3588 40 הִשָּׁמֵ֖ד שָׁמַד VERB _ HebBinyan=NIPHAL 41 obl:npmod _ Gloss=utterly.(destroyed)|Ref=DEU_4:26!26|MId=o050040260261|Strong=8045|Type=infinitive_absolute 41-42 תִּשָּׁמֵדֽוּן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 תִּשָּׁמֵדֽוּ שָׁמַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 15 parataxis _ Gloss=you|Ref=DEU_4:26!27|MId=o050040260271|Strong=8045|Frame=A1:050040040022;|Type=yiqtol 42 ן נ X _ _ 41 nmod _ Gloss=will.be.destroyed|Ref=DEU_4:26!27|MId=o050040260272|Strong=4993b|Type=paragogic_nun 43 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 42 punct _ Ref=DEU_4:26!27 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הַעִידֹתִי *I call as witnesses* | qatal · hiphil | שָּׁמַיִם *heavens* + אָרֶץ *earth* | | | | | תֹּאבֵדוּ *you* | yiqtol · qal | | | | | | עֹבְרִים *\[are\] about to pass over* | participle active · qal | אַתֶּם *you* | | | | | רִשְׁתּ *take* | infinitive construct · qal | | ָהּ *possession of it* | | | | **not** תַאֲרִיכֻ *you* | yiqtol · hiphil | יָמִים *days* | | | | | תִּשָּׁמֵדֽוּ *you* | yiqtol · niphal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} אַסְהֵדִית בְּכוֹן יוֹמָא דֵין יָת שְׁמַיָא וְיָת אַרְעָא אֲרֵי מֵיבַד תֵּיבְדוּן בִּפְרִיעַ מֵעַל אַרְעָא דִי אַתּוּן עָבְרִין יָת יַרְדְנָא לְתַמָן לְמֵירְתַהּ לָא תוֹרְכוּן יוֹמִין עֲלַהּ אֲרֵי אִשְׁתְּצָאָה תִּשְׁתֵּצוּן The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [I call heaven and earth to witness against you this day, that ye shall soon utterly perish from off the land whereunto ye go over the Jordan to possess it; ye shall not prolong your days upon it, but shall utterly be destroyed.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.138/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:DEU:137`. - ← previous: [Deuteronomy 4:25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.4.25/) - next →: [Deuteronomy 4:27](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.4.27/) - ↑ back to [Deuteronomy 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/4/)