--- title: Deuteronomy 4:28 — And there ye shall serve gods, the work of men's hands, wood and sto… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And there ye shall serve gods, the work of men's hands, wood and stone, which neither see, nor hear, nor eat, nor smell. Who acts: ye, gods, hands. Deuteronomy 4:28 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.4.28/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Deuteronomy](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/4/) / 4:28 # Deuteronomy 4:28 דְּבָרִים **Who acts:** ye, gods, hands · **What happens:** serve, see, hear, eat, smell, work · **To what, where:** gods This is Deuteronomy 4:28 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — ye, gods, hands — and what happens in the verse to gods, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 34 chapters of Deuteronomy on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַעֲבַדְתֶּם־שָׁ֣ם אֱלֹהִ֔ים מַעֲשֵׂ֖ה יְדֵ֣י אָדָ֑ם עֵ֣ץ וָאֶ֔בֶן אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־יִרְאוּן֙ וְלֹ֣א יִשְׁמְע֔וּן וְלֹ֥א יֹֽאכְל֖וּן וְלֹ֥א יְרִיחֻֽן׃ [And there ye shall serve gods, the work of men's hands, wood and stone, which neither see, nor hear, nor eat, nor smell.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.140/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:DEU:139 # text = וַעֲבַדְתֶּם־שָׁ֣ם אֱלֹהִ֔ים מַעֲשֵׂ֖ה יְדֵ֣י אָדָ֑ם עֵ֣ץ וָאֶ֔בֶן אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־יִרְאוּן֙ וְלֹ֣א יִשְׁמְע֔וּן וְלֹ֥א יֹֽאכְל֖וּן וְלֹ֥א יְרִיחֻֽן׃ # verse = DEU.4.28 1-2 וַעֲבַדְתֶּם־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DEU_4:28!1|MId=o050040280011|Strong=2050b 2 עֲבַדְתֶּם־ עָבַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=you.will.serve|Ref=DEU_4:28!1|MId=o050040280012|Strong=5647|Frame=A0:050040040022;A1:050040280031;|Type=weqatal 3 שָׁ֣ם שָׁם ADV _ _ 2 advmod _ Gloss=there|Ref=DEU_4:28!2|MId=o050040280021|Strong=8033 4 אֱלֹהִ֔ים אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 obj _ Gloss=gods|Ref=DEU_4:28!3|MId=o050040280031|Strong=0430 5 מַעֲשֵׂ֖ה מַעֲשֶׂה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 appos _ Gloss=[the].work|Ref=DEU_4:28!4|MId=o050040280041|Strong=4639 6 יְדֵ֣י יָד NOUN _ Number=Dual 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[the].hands|Ref=DEU_4:28!5|MId=o050040280051|Strong=3027 7 אָדָ֑ם אָדָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.humankind|Ref=DEU_4:28!6|MId=o050040280061|Strong=0120 8 עֵ֣ץ עֵץ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 appos _ Gloss=wood|Ref=DEU_4:28!7|MId=o050040280071|Strong=6086 9-10 וָאֶ֔בֶן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DEU_4:28!8|MId=o050040280081|Strong=2050b 10 אֶ֔בֶן אֶבֶן NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 conj _ Gloss=stone|Ref=DEU_4:28!8|MId=o050040280082|Strong=0068 11 אֲשֶׁ֤ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 13 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=DEU_4:28!9|MId=o050040280091|Strong=0834|Type=relative 12 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 13 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=DEU_4:28!10|MId=o050040280101|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 13-14 יִרְאוּן֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 יִרְאוּ רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 4 acl:relcl _ Gloss=they|Ref=DEU_4:28!11|MId=o050040280111|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:050040280031;|Type=yiqtol 14 ן֙ נ X _ _ 13 nmod _ Gloss=see|Ref=DEU_4:28!11|MId=o050040280112|Strong=4993b|Type=paragogic_nun 15-16 וְלֹ֣א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DEU_4:28!12|MId=o050040280121|Strong=2050b 16 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 17 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=DEU_4:28!12|MId=o050040280122|Strong=3808|Type=negative 17-18 יִשְׁמְע֔וּן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 יִשְׁמְע֔וּ שָׁמַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 13 conj _ Gloss=they|Ref=DEU_4:28!13|MId=o050040280131|Strong=8085|Frame=A0:050040280031;|Type=yiqtol 18 ן נ X _ _ 17 nmod _ Gloss=hear|Ref=DEU_4:28!13|MId=o050040280132|Strong=4993b|Type=paragogic_nun 19-20 וְלֹ֥א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DEU_4:28!14|MId=o050040280141|Strong=2050b 20 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 21 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=DEU_4:28!14|MId=o050040280142|Strong=3808|Type=negative 21-22 יֹֽאכְל֖וּן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 יֹֽאכְל֖וּ אָכַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 13 conj _ Gloss=they|Ref=DEU_4:28!15|MId=o050040280151|Strong=0398|Frame=A0:050040280031;|Type=yiqtol 22 ן נ X _ _ 21 nmod _ Gloss=eat|Ref=DEU_4:28!15|MId=o050040280152|Strong=4993b|Type=paragogic_nun 23-24 וְלֹ֥א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DEU_4:28!16|MId=o050040280161|Strong=2050b 24 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 25 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=DEU_4:28!16|MId=o050040280162|Strong=3808|Type=negative 25-26 יְרִיחֻֽן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 יְרִיחֻֽ רוח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 13 conj _ Gloss=they|Ref=DEU_4:28!17|MId=o050040280171|Strong=7306a|Frame=A0:050040280031;|Type=yiqtol 26 ן נ X _ _ 25 nmod _ Gloss=smell|Ref=DEU_4:28!17|MId=o050040280172|Strong=4993b|Type=paragogic_nun 27 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 26 punct _ Ref=DEU_4:28!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: request - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes - indirect: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | עֲבַדְתֶּם־ *you will serve* | weqatal · qal | | אֱלֹהִים *gods* | | | | **not** יִרְאוּ *they* | yiqtol · qal | אֱלֹהִים *gods* | | | | | **not** יִשְׁמְעוּ *they* | yiqtol · qal | אֱלֹהִים *gods* | | | | | **not** יֹֽאכְלוּ *they* | yiqtol · qal | אֱלֹהִים *gods* | | | | | **not** יְרִיחֻֽ *they* | yiqtol · hiphil | אֱלֹהִים *gods* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וְתִפְלְחוּן תַּמָן לְעַמְמַיָא פָלְּחֵי טַעֲוָתָא עֹבַד יְדֵי אֱנָשָׁא אָעָא וְאַבְנָא דִי לָא יֶחֱזוּן וְלָא שָׁמְעִין וְלָא אָכְלִין וְלָא מְרִיחִין The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And there ye shall serve gods, the work of men's hands, wood and stone, which neither see, nor hear, nor eat, nor smell.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.140/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:DEU:139`. - ← previous: [Deuteronomy 4:27](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.4.27/) - next →: [Deuteronomy 4:29](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.4.29/) - ↑ back to [Deuteronomy 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/4/)