--- title: Deuteronomy 4:32 — For ask now of the days past, which were before thee, since the day… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: For ask now of the days past, which were before thee, since the day that God created man upon the earth, and from the one end of heaven unto the other, whether there hath been any such thing as this great thing is, or hath been heard like it? Who acts: days, God, such thing. Deuteronomy 4:32 in Hebr --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.4.32/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Deuteronomy](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/4/) / 4:32 # Deuteronomy 4:32 דְּבָרִים **Who acts:** days, God, such thing · **What happens:** ask, be, create, hear · **To what, where:** man · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Deuteronomy 4:32 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — days, God, such thing — and what happens in the verse to man, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 34 chapters of Deuteronomy on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. כִּ֣י שְׁאַל־נָא֩ לְיָמִ֨ים רִֽאשֹׁנִ֜ים אֲשֶׁר־הָי֣וּ לְפָנֶ֗יךָ לְמִן־הַיּוֹם֙ אֲשֶׁר֩ בָּרָ֨א אֱלֹהִ֤ים ׀ אָדָם֙ עַל־הָאָ֔רֶץ וּלְמִקְצֵ֥ה הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וְעַד־קְצֵ֣ה הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם הֲנִֽהְיָ֗ה כַּדָּבָ֤ר הַגָּדוֹל֙ הַזֶּ֔ה א֖וֹ הֲנִשְׁמַ֥ע כָּמֹֽהוּ׃ [For ask now of the days past, which were before thee, since the day that God created man upon the earth, and from the one end of heaven unto the other, whether there hath been any such thing as this great thing is, or hath been heard like it?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.144/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:DEU:143 # text = כִּ֣י שְׁאַל־נָא֩ לְיָמִ֨ים רִֽאשֹׁנִ֜ים אֲשֶׁר־הָי֣וּ לְפָנֶ֗יךָ לְמִן־הַיּוֹם֙ אֲשֶׁר֩ בָּרָ֨א אֱלֹהִ֤ים ׀ אָדָם֙ עַל־הָאָ֔רֶץ וּלְמִקְצֵ֥ה הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וְעַד־קְצֵ֣ה הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם הֲנִֽהְיָ֗ה כַּדָּבָ֤ר הַגָּדוֹל֙ הַזֶּ֔ה א֖וֹ הֲנִשְׁמַ֥ע כָּמֹֽהוּ׃ # verse = DEU.4.32 1 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 2 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=DEU_4:32!1|MId=o050040320011|Strong=3588 2 שְׁאַל־ שָׁאַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=ask|Ref=DEU_4:32!2|MId=o050040320021|Strong=7592|Frame=A0:050040040022;|Type=imperative|SpaceAfter=No 3 נָא֩ נָא INTJ _ _ 2 discourse _ Gloss=please|Ref=DEU_4:32!3|MId=o050040320031|Strong=4994|Type=exhortation 4-5 לְיָמִ֨ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=DEU_4:32!4|MId=o050040320041|Strong=3807a 5 יָמִ֨ים יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 obl _ Gloss=days|Ref=DEU_4:32!4|MId=o050040320042|Strong=3117 6 רִֽאשֹׁנִ֜ים רִאשׁוֹן ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 5 amod _ Gloss=former|Ref=DEU_4:32!5|MId=o050040320051|Strong=7223|Type=adjective 7 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 10 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=DEU_4:32!6|MId=o050040320061|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 8 הָי֣וּ הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 10 cop _ Gloss=they.were|Ref=DEU_4:32!7|MId=o050040320071|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:050040320042;|Type=qatal 9-11 לְפָנֶ֗יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=DEU_4:32!8|MId=o050040320081|Strong=3807a 10 פָנֶ֗י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 5 acl:relcl _ Gloss=|Ref=DEU_4:32!8|MId=o050040320082|Strong=6440 11 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 10 nmod:poss _ Gloss=you|Ref=DEU_4:32!8|MId=o050040320083|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 12-13 לְמִן־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=(to)|Ref=DEU_4:32!9|MId=o050040320091|Strong=3807a 13 מִן־ מִן ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=DEU_4:32!9|MId=o050040320092|Strong=4480 14-15 הַיּוֹם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=DEU_4:32!10|MId=o050040320101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 יּוֹם֙ יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 obl _ Gloss=day|Ref=DEU_4:32!10|MId=o050040320102|Strong=3117 16 אֲשֶׁר֩ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 17 mark _ Gloss=when|Ref=DEU_4:32!11|MId=o050040320111|Strong=0834|Type=relative 17 בָּרָ֨א בָּרָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 15 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.created|Ref=DEU_4:32!12|MId=o050040320121|Strong=1254|Frame=A0:050040320131;A1:050040320141;|Type=qatal 18 אֱלֹהִ֤ים אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 17 nsubj _ Gloss=God|Ref=DEU_4:32!13|MId=o050040320131|Strong=0430 19 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 18 punct _ Ref=DEU_4:32!13 20 אָדָם֙ אָדָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 obj _ Gloss=humankind|Ref=DEU_4:32!14|MId=o050040320141|Strong=0120 21 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=DEU_4:32!15|MId=o050040320151|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 22-23 הָאָ֔רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 23 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=DEU_4:32!16|MId=o050040320161|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 23 אָ֔רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 17 obl _ Gloss=earth|Ref=DEU_4:32!16|MId=o050040320162|Strong=0776 24-27 וּלְמִקְצֵ֥ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and.(to)|Ref=DEU_4:32!17|MId=o050040320171|Strong=2050b 25 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=DEU_4:32!17|MId=o050040320172|Strong=3807a 26 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=the|Ref=DEU_4:32!17|MId=o050040320173|Strong=4480 27 קְצֵ֥ה קָצֶה NOUN _ Number=Sing 15 conj _ Gloss=end|Ref=DEU_4:32!17|MId=o050040320174|Strong=7097 28-29 הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 29 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=DEU_4:32!18|MId=o050040320181|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 29 שָּׁמַ֖יִם שָׁמַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 27 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.heavens|Ref=DEU_4:32!18|MId=o050040320182|Strong=8064 30-31 וְעַד־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 32 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DEU_4:32!19|MId=o050040320191|Strong=2050b 31 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=DEU_4:32!19|MId=o050040320192|Strong=5704 32 קְצֵ֣ה קָצֶה NOUN _ Number=Sing 27 conj _ Gloss=the.end|Ref=DEU_4:32!20|MId=o050040320201|Strong=7097 33-34 הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 34 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=DEU_4:32!21|MId=o050040320211|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 34 שָּׁמָ֑יִם שָׁמַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 32 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.heavens|Ref=DEU_4:32!21|MId=o050040320212|Strong=8064 35-36 הֲנִֽהְיָ֗ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 הֲ הֲ PART _ _ 39 advmod _ Gloss=has|Ref=DEU_4:32!22|MId=o050040320221|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 36 נִֽהְיָ֗ה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 39 cop _ Gloss=it.happened?|Ref=DEU_4:32!22|MId=o050040320222|Strong=1961|Type=qatal 37-39 כַּדָּבָ֤ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 כַּ כְּ ADP _ _ 39 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=DEU_4:32!23|MId=o050040320231|Strong=3509a 38 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 39 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=DEU_4:32!23|MId=o050040320231ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 39 דָּבָ֤ר דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 ccomp _ Gloss=thing|Ref=DEU_4:32!23|MId=o050040320232|Strong=1697 40-41 הַגָּדוֹל֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 41 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=DEU_4:32!24|MId=o050040320241|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 41 גָּדוֹל֙ גָּדוֹל ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 39 amod _ Gloss=great|Ref=DEU_4:32!24|MId=o050040320242|Strong=1419|Type=adjective 42-43 הַזֶּ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 43 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=DEU_4:32!25|MId=o050040320251|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 43 זֶּ֔ה זֶה DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 39 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=DEU_4:32!25|MId=o050040320252|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 44 א֖וֹ אוֹ CCONJ _ _ 46 cc _ Gloss=or|Ref=DEU_4:32!26|MId=o050040320261|Strong=0176 45-46 הֲנִשְׁמַ֥ע _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 הֲ הֲ PART _ _ 46 advmod _ Gloss=has|Ref=DEU_4:32!27|MId=o050040320271|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 46 נִשְׁמַ֥ע שָׁמַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 39 conj _ Gloss=it.been.heard?|Ref=DEU_4:32!27|MId=o050040320272|Strong=8085|Type=qatal 47-48 כָּמֹֽהוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 כָּמֹֽ כְּמוֹ ADP _ _ 48 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=DEU_4:32!28|MId=o050040320281|Strong=3644 48 הוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 46 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=DEU_4:32!28|MId=o050040320282|Strong=1930a|Type=pronominal 49 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 48 punct _ Ref=DEU_4:32!28 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: yes/no question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | שְׁאַל־ *ask* | imperative · qal | | | | | | הָיוּ *they were* | qatal · qal | יָמִים *days* | | | | | בָּרָא *he created* | qatal · qal | אֱלֹהִים *God* | אָדָם *humankind* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} אֲרֵי שְׁאֵל כְּעַן לְיוֹמַיָא קַדְמָאֵי דַהֲווֹ קֳדָמָךְ לְמִן יוֹמָא דִי בְרָא יְיָ אָדָם עַל אַרְעָא וּלְמִסְיָפֵי שְׁמַיָא וְעַד סְיָפֵי שְׁמַיָא הַהֲוָה כְּפִתְגָמָא רַבָּא הָדֵין אוֹ הַאִשְׁתְּמַע כְּוָתֵהּ The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [For ask now of the days past, which were before thee, since the day that God created man upon the earth, and from the one end of heaven unto the other, whether there hath been any such thing as this great thing is, or hath been heard like it?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.144/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:DEU:143`. - ← previous: [Deuteronomy 4:31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.4.31/) - next →: [Deuteronomy 4:33](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.4.33/) - ↑ back to [Deuteronomy 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/4/)