--- title: Deuteronomy 4:38 — to drive out nations from before thee greater and mightier than thou… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: to drive out nations from before thee greater and mightier than thou, to bring thee in, to give thee their land for an inheritance, as it is this day; Who acts: land. Deuteronomy 4:38 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.4.38/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Deuteronomy](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/4/) / 4:38 # Deuteronomy 4:38 דְּבָרִים **Who acts:** land · **What happens:** drive out, bring in, give, be · **To what, where:** nations, thee, land, day This is Deuteronomy 4:38 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — land — and what happens in the verse to nations, thee, land, day, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 34 chapters of Deuteronomy on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. לְהוֹרִ֗ישׁ גּוֹיִ֛ם גְּדֹלִ֧ים וַעֲצֻמִ֛ים מִמְּךָ֖ מִפָּנֶ֑יךָ לַהֲבִֽיאֲךָ֗ לָֽתֶת־לְךָ֧ אֶת־אַרְצָ֛ם נַחֲלָ֖ה כַּיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ [to drive out nations from before thee greater and mightier than thou, to bring thee in, to give thee their land for an inheritance, as it is this day;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.150/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:DEU:149 # text = לְהוֹרִ֗ישׁ גּוֹיִ֛ם גְּדֹלִ֧ים וַעֲצֻמִ֛ים מִמְּךָ֖ מִפָּנֶ֑יךָ לַהֲבִֽיאֲךָ֗ לָֽתֶת־לְךָ֧ אֶת־אַרְצָ֛ם נַחֲלָ֖ה כַּיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ # verse = DEU.4.38 1-2 לְהוֹרִ֗ישׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 2 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=DEU_4:38!1|MId=o050040380011|Strong=3807a 2 הוֹרִ֗ישׁ יָרַשׁ VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 0 root _ Gloss=dispossess|Ref=DEU_4:38!1|MId=o050040380012|Strong=3423|Frame=AA:050040350051;A0:050040380021;|Type=infinitive_construct 3 גּוֹיִ֛ם גּוֹי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 obj _ Gloss=nations|Ref=DEU_4:38!2|MId=o050040380021|Strong=1471 4 גְּדֹלִ֧ים גָּדוֹל ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 3 amod _ Gloss=great|Ref=DEU_4:38!3|MId=o050040380031|Strong=1419|Type=adjective 5-6 וַעֲצֻמִ֛ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=DEU_4:38!4|MId=o050040380041|Strong=2050b 6 עֲצֻמִ֛ים עָצוּם ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 4 amod _ Gloss=mighty|Ref=DEU_4:38!4|MId=o050040380042|Strong=6099|Type=adjective 7-8 מִמְּךָ֖ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 מִמּ מִן ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=more|Ref=DEU_4:38!5|MId=o050040380051|Strong=4480 8 ְךָ֖ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 4 nmod _ Gloss=than.you|Ref=DEU_4:38!5|MId=o050040380052|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 9-11 מִפָּנֶ֑יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=DEU_4:38!6|MId=o050040380061|Strong=4480 10 פָּנֶ֑י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 2 obl _ Gloss=before|Ref=DEU_4:38!6|MId=o050040380062|Strong=6440 11 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 10 nmod:poss _ Gloss=you|Ref=DEU_4:38!6|MId=o050040380063|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 12-14 לַהֲבִֽיאֲךָ֗ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=DEU_4:38!7|MId=o050040380071|Strong=3807a 13 הֲבִֽיא בּוֹא VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 2 conj _ Gloss=bring|Ref=DEU_4:38!7|MId=o050040380072|Strong=0935|Frame=AA:050040350051;A0:050040380073;|Type=infinitive_construct 14 ֲךָ֗ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 13 obj _ Gloss=you.in|Ref=DEU_4:38!7|MId=o050040380073|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 15-16 לָֽתֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 לָֽ לְ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=DEU_4:38!8|MId=o050040380081|Strong=3807a 16 תֶת־ נָתַן VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 2 conj _ Gloss=give|Ref=DEU_4:38!8|MId=o050040380082|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:050040350051;A1:050040380111;|Type=infinitive_construct 17-18 לְךָ֧ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 ל לְ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=DEU_4:38!9|MId=o050040380091|Strong=3807a 18 ְךָ֧ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 16 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=DEU_4:38!9|MId=o050040380092|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 19 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=DEU_4:38!10|MId=o050040380101|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 20-21 אַרְצָ֛ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 אַרְצ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 16 obj _ Gloss=land|Ref=DEU_4:38!11|MId=o050040380111|Strong=0776 21 ָ֛ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=DEU_4:38!11|MId=o050040380112|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 22 נַחֲלָ֖ה נַחֲלָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 16 xcomp _ Gloss=an.inheritance|Ref=DEU_4:38!12|MId=o050040380121|Strong=5159 23-25 כַּיּ֥וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 כַּ כְּ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=as|Ref=DEU_4:38!13|MId=o050040380131|Strong=3509a 24 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 25 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=DEU_4:38!13|MId=o050040380131ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 25 יּ֥וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 obl _ Gloss=day|Ref=DEU_4:38!13|MId=o050040380132|Strong=3117 26-27 הַזֶּֽה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 27 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=DEU_4:38!14|MId=o050040380141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 27 זֶּֽה זֶה DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 25 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=DEU_4:38!14|MId=o050040380142|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 28 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 27 punct _ Ref=DEU_4:38!14 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הוֹרִישׁ *dispossess* | infinitive construct · hiphil | גּוֹיִם *nations* | | | | | הֲבִֽיא *bring* | infinitive construct · hiphil | ֲךָ *you in* | | | | | תֶת־ *give* | infinitive construct · qal | | אַרְצ *land* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} לְתָרָכָא עַמְמִין רַבְרְבִין וְתַקִיפִין מִנָךְ מִן קֳדָמָךְ לְאָעָלוּתָךְ לְמִתַּן לָךְ יָת אַרְעֲהוֹן אַחֲסָנָא כְּיוֹמָא הָדֵין The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [to drive out nations from before thee greater and mightier than thou, to bring thee in, to give thee their land for an inheritance, as it is this day;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/DEU.150/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:DEU:149`. - ← previous: [Deuteronomy 4:37](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.4.37/) - next →: [Deuteronomy 4:39](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU.4.39/) - ↑ back to [Deuteronomy 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/DEU/4/)