--- title: Exodus 1:11 — Therefore they did set over them taskmasters to afflict them with th… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Therefore they did set over them taskmasters to afflict them with their burdens. And they built for Pharaoh store-cities, Pithom and Raamses. Who acts: children. Exodus 1:11 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.1.11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/1/) / 1:11 # Exodus 1:11 שְׁמוֹת **Who acts:** children · **What happens:** set, afflict, burden, build · **To what, where:** taskmasters, children, store cities This is Exodus 1:11 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — children — and what happens in the verse to taskmasters, children, store cities, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיָּשִׂ֤ימוּ עָלָיו֙ שָׂרֵ֣י מִסִּ֔ים לְמַ֥עַן עַנֹּת֖וֹ בְּסִבְלֹתָ֑ם וַיִּ֜בֶן עָרֵ֤י מִסְכְּנוֹת֙ לְפַרְעֹ֔ה אֶת־פִּתֹ֖ם וְאֶת־רַעַמְסֵֽס׃ [Therefore they did set over them taskmasters to afflict them with their burdens.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.10/) [And they built for Pharaoh store-cities, Pithom and Raamses.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.11/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EXO:10 # text = וַיָּשִׂ֤ימוּ עָלָיו֙ שָׂרֵ֣י מִסִּ֔ים לְמַ֥עַן עַנֹּת֖וֹ בְּסִבְלֹתָ֑ם וַיִּ֜בֶן עָרֵ֤י מִסְכְּנוֹת֙ לְפַרְעֹ֔ה אֶת־פִּתֹ֖ם וְאֶת־רַעַמְסֵֽס׃ # verse = EXO.1.11 1-2 וַיָּשִׂ֤ימוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_1:11!1|MId=o020010110011|Strong=2050b 2 יָּשִׂ֤ימוּ שׂים VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.appointed|Ref=EXO_1:11!1|MId=o020010110012|Strong=7760|Frame=A0:020010090031;020010080021;A1:020010110031;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 עָלָיו֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 עָלָי עַל ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=over|Ref=EXO_1:11!2|MId=o020010110021|Strong=5921 4 ו֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=EXO_1:11!2|MId=o020010110022|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 5 שָׂרֵ֣י שַׂר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 obj _ Gloss=overseers|Ref=EXO_1:11!3|MId=o020010110031|Strong=8269 6 מִסִּ֔ים מַס NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.slave.gangs|Ref=EXO_1:11!4|MId=o020010110041|Strong=4522 7 לְמַ֥עַן לְמַעַן SCONJ _ _ 8 mark _ Gloss=so.as|Ref=EXO_1:11!5|MId=o020010110051|Strong=4616 8-9 עַנֹּת֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 עַנֹּת עָנָה VERB _ HebBinyan=PIEL 2 advcl _ Gloss=to|Ref=EXO_1:11!6|MId=o020010110061|Strong=6031|Frame=A0:020010090031;020010080021;A1:020010110062;|Type=infinitive_construct 9 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 obj _ Gloss=afflict.it|Ref=EXO_1:11!6|MId=o020010110062|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 10-12 בְּסִבְלֹתָ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=EXO_1:11!7|MId=o020010110071|Strong=0871a 11 סִבְלֹת סִבְלֹות NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 8 obl _ Gloss=their.forced|Ref=EXO_1:11!7|MId=o020010110072|Strong=5450 12 ָ֑ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ Gloss=labor|Ref=EXO_1:11!7|MId=o020010110073|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 13-14 וַיִּ֜בֶן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_1:11!8|MId=o020010110081|Strong=2050b 14 יִּ֜בֶן בָּנָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.built|Ref=EXO_1:11!8|MId=o020010110082|Strong=1129|Frame=A0:020010070012;A1:020010110091;|Type=wayyiqtol 15 עָרֵ֤י עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 14 obj _ Gloss=cities|Ref=EXO_1:11!9|MId=o020010110091|Strong=5892 16 מִסְכְּנוֹת֙ מִסְכְּנוֹת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 15 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.stores|Ref=EXO_1:11!10|MId=o020010110101|Strong=4543 17-18 לְפַרְעֹ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=EXO_1:11!11|MId=o020010110111|Strong=3807a 18 פַרְעֹ֔ה פַּרְעֹה PROPN _ _ 14 obl _ Gloss=Pharaoh|Ref=EXO_1:11!11|MId=o020010110112|Strong=6547 19 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EXO_1:11!12|MId=o020010110121|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 20 פִּתֹ֖ם פִּתֹם PROPN _ _ 15 appos _ Gloss=Pithom|Ref=EXO_1:11!13|MId=o020010110131|Strong=6619 21-22 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_1:11!14|MId=o020010110141|Strong=2050b 22 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EXO_1:11!14|MId=o020010110142|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 23 רַעַמְסֵֽס רַעַמְסֵס PROPN _ _ 20 conj _ Gloss=Rameses|Ref=EXO_1:11!15|MId=o020010110151|Strong=7486|SpaceAfter=No 24 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 23 punct _ Ref=EXO_1:11!15 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יָּשִׂימוּ *they appointed* | wayyiqtol · qal | | שָׂרֵי *overseers* | | | | עַנֹּת *to* | infinitive construct · piel | | וֹ *afflict it* | | | | יִּבֶן *it built* | wayyiqtol · qal | | עָרֵי *cities* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וּמַנִיאוּ עֲלֵיהוֹן שִׁלְטוֹנִין מַבְּאִישִׁין בְּדִיל לְעַנוֹאֵהוֹן בְּפָלְחָנְהוֹן וּבְנוֹ קִרְוֵי בֵית אוֹצָרָא לְפַרְעֹה יָת פִּיתוֹם וְיָת רַעַמְסֵס: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Therefore they did set over them taskmasters to afflict them with their burdens.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.10/) 2. [And they built for Pharaoh store-cities, Pithom and Raamses.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.11/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EXO:10`. - ← previous: [Exodus 1:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.1.10/) - next →: [Exodus 1:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.1.12/) - ↑ back to [Exodus 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/1/)