--- title: Exodus 1:16 — and he said: 'When ye do the office of a midwife to the Hebrew women… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: and he said: 'When ye do the office of a midwife to the Hebrew women, ye shall look upon the birthstool: if it be a son, then ye shall kill him; but if it be a daughter, then she shall live.' Who acts: king, ye, office, Shiphrah. Exodus 1:16 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 19 --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.1.16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/1/) / 1:16 # Exodus 1:16 שְׁמוֹת **Who acts:** king, ye, office, Shiphrah · **What happens:** say, do, look, be, kill, live · **To what, where:** office, son, king, daughter · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Exodus 1:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — king, ye, office, Shiphrah — and what happens in the verse to office, son, king, daughter, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֗אמֶר בְּיַלֶּדְכֶן֙ אֶת־הָֽעִבְרִיּ֔וֹת וּרְאִיתֶ֖ן עַל־הָאָבְנָ֑יִם אִם־בֵּ֥ן הוּא֙ וַהֲמִתֶּ֣ן אֹת֔וֹ וְאִם־בַּ֥ת הִ֖יא וָחָֽיָה׃ [and he said: 'When ye do the office of a midwife to the Hebrew women, ye shall look upon the birthstool: if it be a son, then ye shall kill him; but if it be a daughter, then she shall live.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.17/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EXO:15 # text = וַיֹּ֗אמֶר בְּיַלֶּדְכֶן֙ אֶת־הָֽעִבְרִיּ֔וֹת וּרְאִיתֶ֖ן עַל־הָאָבְנָ֑יִם אִם־בֵּ֥ן הוּא֙ וַהֲמִתֶּ֣ן אֹת֔וֹ וְאִם־בַּ֥ת הִ֖יא וָחָֽיָה׃ # verse = EXO.1.16 1-2 וַיֹּ֗אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_1:16!1|MId=o020010160011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֗אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=EXO_1:16!1|MId=o020010160012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:020010150021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-5 בְּיַלֶּדְכֶן֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=when|Ref=EXO_1:16!2|MId=o020010160021|Strong=0871a 4 יַלֶּד יָלַד VERB _ HebBinyan=PIEL 10 dislocated _ Gloss=you|Ref=EXO_1:16!2|MId=o020010160022|Strong=3205|Frame=A0:020010160023;A1:020010160042;|Type=infinitive_construct 5 ְכֶן֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ Gloss=assist.as.midwife|Ref=EXO_1:16!2|MId=o020010160023|Strong=3654a|Type=pronominal 6 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EXO_1:16!3|MId=o020010160031|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 7-8 הָֽעִבְרִיּ֔וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 הָֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 8 det _ Gloss=the.Hebrew|Ref=EXO_1:16!4|MId=o020010160041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 8 עִבְרִיּ֔וֹת עִבְרִי NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 4 obj _ Gloss=[women]|Ref=EXO_1:16!4|MId=o020010160042|Strong=5680|Type=gentilic 9-10 וּרְאִיתֶ֖ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_1:16!5|MId=o020010160051|Strong=2050b 10 רְאִיתֶ֖ן רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 2 ccomp _ Gloss=you.will.look|Ref=EXO_1:16!5|MId=o020010160052|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:020010150043;|Type=weqatal 11 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=at|Ref=EXO_1:16!6|MId=o020010160061|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 12-13 הָאָבְנָ֑יִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_1:16!7|MId=o020010160071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 אָבְנָ֑יִם אֹבֶן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Dual 10 obl _ Gloss=stones|Ref=EXO_1:16!7|MId=o020010160072|Strong=0070 14 אִם־ אִם SCONJ _ _ 15 mark _ Gloss=if|Ref=EXO_1:16!8|MId=o020010160081|Strong=0518|SpaceAfter=No 15 בֵּ֥ן בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 advcl _ Gloss=[is].a.son|Ref=EXO_1:16!9|MId=o020010160091|Strong=1121 16 הוּא֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 nsubj _ Gloss=he|Ref=EXO_1:16!10|MId=o020010160101|Strong=1931|Type=personal 17-18 וַהֲמִתֶּ֣ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_1:16!11|MId=o020010160111|Strong=2050b 18 הֲמִתֶּ֣ן מוּת VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=2 10 parataxis _ Gloss=you.will.kill|Ref=EXO_1:16!11|MId=o020010160112|Strong=4191|Frame=AA:020010150043;A0:020010160122;|Type=weqatal 19-20 אֹת֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 אֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=|Ref=EXO_1:16!12|MId=o020010160121|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 20 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 obj _ Gloss=him|Ref=EXO_1:16!12|MId=o020010160122|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 21-22 וְאִם־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_1:16!13|MId=o020010160131|Strong=2050b 22 אִם־ אִם SCONJ _ _ 23 mark _ Gloss=if|Ref=EXO_1:16!13|MId=o020010160132|Strong=0518 23 בַּ֥ת בַּת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 26 advcl _ Gloss=[is].a.daughter|Ref=EXO_1:16!14|MId=o020010160141|Strong=1323 24 הִ֖יא הִיא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 nsubj _ Gloss=she|Ref=EXO_1:16!15|MId=o020010160151|Strong=1931a|Type=personal 25-26 וָחָֽיָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_1:16!16|MId=o020010160161|Strong=2050b 26 חָֽיָה חיה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 10 conj _ Gloss=she.will.live|Ref=EXO_1:16!16|MId=o020010160162|Strong=2421|Frame=A0:020010160141;|Type=weqatal 27 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 26 punct _ Ref=EXO_1:16!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - indirect: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | יַלֶּד *you* | infinitive construct · piel | ְכֶן *assist as midwife* | עִבְרִיּוֹת *\[women\]* | | | | רְאִיתֶן *you will look* | weqatal · qal | | | | | | הֲמִתֶּן *you will kill* | weqatal · hiphil | וֹ *him* | | | | | חָֽיָה *she will live* | weqatal · qal | בַּת *\[is\] a daughter* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר כַּד תֶּהֶוְיָן מוֹלְדָן יָת יְהוּדַיָתָא וְתֶחְזְיָן עַל מַתְבְּרָא אִם בַּר הוּא תִּקְטְלַן יָתֵהּ וְאִם בְּרַתָּא הִיא ותְקַיְמִנַהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [and he said: 'When ye do the office of a midwife to the Hebrew women, ye shall look upon the birthstool: if it be a son, then ye shall kill him; but if it be a daughter, then she shall live.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.17/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EXO:15`. - ← previous: [Exodus 1:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.1.15/) - next →: [Exodus 1:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.1.17/) - ↑ back to [Exodus 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/1/)