--- title: Exodus 1:19 — And the midwives said unto Pharaoh: 'Because the Hebrew women are no… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the midwives said unto Pharaoh: 'Because the Hebrew women are not as the Egyptian women; for they are lively, and are delivered ere the midwife come unto them.' Who acts: midwives, Hebrew women, midwife. Exodus 1:19 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.1.19/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/1/) / 1:19 # Exodus 1:19 שְׁמוֹת **Who acts:** midwives, Hebrew women, midwife · **What happens:** say, not be, be, deliver, come · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Exodus 1:19 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — midwives, Hebrew women, midwife — and what happens in the verse, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַתֹּאמַ֤רְןָ הַֽמְיַלְּדֹת֙ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֔ה כִּ֣י לֹ֧א כַנָּשִׁ֛ים הַמִּצְרִיֹּ֖ת הָֽעִבְרִיֹּ֑ת כִּֽי־חָי֣וֹת הֵ֔נָּה בְּטֶ֨רֶם תָּב֧וֹא אֲלֵהֶ֛ן הַמְיַלֶּ֖דֶת וְיָלָֽדוּ׃ [And the midwives said unto Pharaoh: 'Because the Hebrew women are not as the Egyptian women; for they are lively, and are delivered ere the midwife come unto them.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.20/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EXO:18 # text = וַתֹּאמַ֤רְןָ הַֽמְיַלְּדֹת֙ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֔ה כִּ֣י לֹ֧א כַנָּשִׁ֛ים הַמִּצְרִיֹּ֖ת הָֽעִבְרִיֹּ֑ת כִּֽי־חָי֣וֹת הֵ֔נָּה בְּטֶ֨רֶם תָּב֧וֹא אֲלֵהֶ֛ן הַמְיַלֶּ֖דֶת וְיָלָֽדוּ׃ # verse = EXO.1.19 1-2 וַתֹּאמַ֤רְןָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_1:19!1|MId=o020010190011|Strong=2050b 2 תֹּאמַ֤רְןָ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.said|Ref=EXO_1:19!1|MId=o020010190012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:020010190022;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 הַֽמְיַלְּדֹת֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הַֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_1:19!2|MId=o020010190021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 מְיַלְּדֹת֙ יָלַד VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=midwives|Ref=EXO_1:19!2|MId=o020010190022|Strong=3205|Type=participle_active 5 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EXO_1:19!3|MId=o020010190031|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 6 פַּרְעֹ֔ה פַּרְעֹה PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=Pharaoh|Ref=EXO_1:19!4|MId=o020010190041|Strong=6547 7 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 11 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=EXO_1:19!5|MId=o020010190051|Strong=3588 8 לֹ֧א לֹא ADV _ _ 11 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=EXO_1:19!6|MId=o020010190061|Strong=3808|Type=negative 9-11 כַנָּשִׁ֛ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 כַ כְּ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=[are].like|Ref=EXO_1:19!7|MId=o020010190071|Strong=3509a 10 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 11 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_1:19!7|MId=o020010190071ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 נָּשִׁ֛ים אִשָּׁה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 2 advcl _ Gloss=women|Ref=EXO_1:19!7|MId=o020010190072|Strong=0802 12-13 הַמִּצְרִיֹּ֖ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=EXO_1:19!8|MId=o020010190081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 מִּצְרִיֹּ֖ת מִצְרִי NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 11 appos _ Gloss=Egyptian|Ref=EXO_1:19!8|MId=o020010190082|Strong=4713|Type=gentilic 14-15 הָֽעִבְרִיֹּ֑ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 הָֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=the.Hebrew|Ref=EXO_1:19!9|MId=o020010190091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 עִבְרִיֹּ֑ת עִבְרִי NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 11 nsubj _ Gloss=[women]|Ref=EXO_1:19!9|MId=o020010190092|Strong=5680|Type=gentilic 16 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 17 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=EXO_1:19!10|MId=o020010190101|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 17 חָי֣וֹת חָיֶה ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 2 advcl _ Gloss=[are].vigorous|Ref=EXO_1:19!11|MId=o020010190111|Strong=2422|Type=adjective 18 הֵ֔נָּה הֵנָּה PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 nsubj _ Gloss=they|Ref=EXO_1:19!12|MId=o020010190121|Strong=2007|Type=personal 19-20 בְּטֶ֨רֶם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=EXO_1:19!13|MId=o020010190131|Strong=0871a 20 טֶ֨רֶם טֶרֶם ADV _ _ 21 nmod _ Gloss=|Ref=EXO_1:19!13|MId=o020010190132|Strong=2962 21 תָּב֧וֹא בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 27 parataxis _ Gloss=she.comes|Ref=EXO_1:19!14|MId=o020010190141|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:020010190162;|Type=yiqtol 22-23 אֲלֵהֶ֛ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 אֲל אֶל ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EXO_1:19!15|MId=o020010190151|Strong=0413 23 ֵהֶ֛ן הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=EXO_1:19!15|MId=o020010190152|Strong=2004|Type=pronominal 24-25 הַמְיַלֶּ֖דֶת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 25 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_1:19!16|MId=o020010190161|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 25 מְיַלֶּ֖דֶת יָלַד VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing 21 nsubj _ Gloss=midwife|Ref=EXO_1:19!16|MId=o020010190162|Strong=3205|Type=participle_active 26-27 וְיָלָֽדוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_1:19!17|MId=o020010190171|Strong=2050b 27 יָלָֽדוּ יָלַד VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=they.give.birth|Ref=EXO_1:19!17|MId=o020010190172|Strong=3205|Frame=A0:020010190092;|Type=qatal 28 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 27 punct _ Ref=EXO_1:19!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | תֹּאמַרְןָ *they said* | wayyiqtol · qal | מְיַלְּדֹת *midwives* | | | | | תָּבוֹא *she comes* | yiqtol · qal | מְיַלֶּדֶת *midwife* | | | | | יָלָֽדוּ *they give birth* | qatal · qal | עִבְרִיֹּת *\[women\]* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וַאֲמָרָא חַיָתָא לְפַרְעֹה אֲרֵי לָא כִנְשַׁיָא מִצְרְיָתָא יְהוּדַיָתָא אֲרֵי חֲכִּימָן אִנוּן עַד לָא עַלַת לְוָתְהֶּן חַיָתָא וִילִידָן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the midwives said unto Pharaoh: 'Because the Hebrew women are not as the Egyptian women; for they are lively, and are delivered ere the midwife come unto them.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.20/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EXO:18`. - ← previous: [Exodus 1:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.1.18/) - next →: [Exodus 1:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.1.20/) - ↑ back to [Exodus 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/1/)