--- title: Exodus 10:1 — And the LORD said unto Moses: 'Go in unto Pharaoh; for I have harden… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the LORD said unto Moses: 'Go in unto Pharaoh; for I have hardened his heart, and the heart of his servants, that I might show these My signs in the midst of them; Who acts: LORD, I, My. Exodus 10:1 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.10.1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/10/) / 10:1 # Exodus 10:1 שְׁמוֹת **Who acts:** LORD, I, My · **What happens:** say, go in, harden, show, sign · **To what, where:** heart, signs · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Exodus 10:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — LORD, I, My — and what happens in the verse to heart, signs, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה בֹּ֖א אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֑ה כִּֽי־אֲנִ֞י הִכְבַּ֤דְתִּי אֶת־לִבּוֹ֙ וְאֶת־לֵ֣ב עֲבָדָ֔יו לְמַ֗עַן שִׁתִ֛י אֹתֹתַ֥י אֵ֖לֶּה בְּקִרְבּֽוֹ׃ [And the LORD said unto Moses: 'Go in unto Pharaoh; for I have hardened his heart, and the heart of his servants, that I might show these My signs in the midst of them;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.271/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EXO:245 # text = וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה בֹּ֖א אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֑ה כִּֽי־אֲנִ֞י הִכְבַּ֤דְתִּי אֶת־לִבּוֹ֙ וְאֶת־לֵ֣ב עֲבָדָ֔יו לְמַ֗עַן שִׁתִ֛י אֹתֹתַ֥י אֵ֖לֶּה בְּקִרְבּֽוֹ׃ # verse = EXO.10.1 1-2 וַיֹּ֤אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_10:1!1|MId=o020100010011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֤אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=EXO_10:1!1|MId=o020100010012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:020100010021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 יְהוָה֙ יהוה PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=EXO_10:1!2|MId=o020100010021|Strong=3068 4 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EXO_10:1!3|MId=o020100010031|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 5 מֹשֶׁ֔ה מֹשֶׁה PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=Moses|Ref=EXO_10:1!4|MId=o020100010041|Strong=4872 6 בֹּ֖א בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 ccomp _ Gloss=go|Ref=EXO_10:1!5|MId=o020100010051|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:020100010041;|Type=imperative 7 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EXO_10:1!6|MId=o020100010061|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 8 פַּרְעֹ֑ה פַּרְעֹה PROPN _ _ 6 obl _ Gloss=Pharaoh|Ref=EXO_10:1!7|MId=o020100010071|Strong=6547 9 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 11 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=EXO_10:1!8|MId=o020100010081|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 10 אֲנִ֞י אֲנִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 11 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=EXO_10:1!9|MId=o020100010091|Strong=0589|Type=personal 11 הִכְבַּ֤דְתִּי כָּבֵד VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 6 advcl _ Gloss=I.have.made.unresponsive|Ref=EXO_10:1!10|MId=o020100010101|Strong=3513|Frame=AA:020100010091;A0:020100010121;020100010141;|Type=qatal 12 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EXO_10:1!11|MId=o020100010111|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 13-14 לִבּוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 לִבּ לֵב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 obj _ Gloss=heart|Ref=EXO_10:1!12|MId=o020100010121|Strong=3820 14 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=EXO_10:1!12|MId=o020100010122|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 15-16 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_10:1!13|MId=o020100010131|Strong=2050b 16 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EXO_10:1!13|MId=o020100010132|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 17 לֵ֣ב לֵב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 conj _ Gloss=the.heart|Ref=EXO_10:1!14|MId=o020100010141|Strong=3820 18-19 עֲבָדָ֔יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 עֲבָדָ֔י עֶבֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 17 compound:smixut _ Gloss=his.servants|Ref=EXO_10:1!15|MId=o020100010151|Strong=5650 19 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=EXO_10:1!15|MId=o020100010152|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 20 לְמַ֗עַן לְמַעַן SCONJ _ _ 21 mark _ Gloss=so.as|Ref=EXO_10:1!16|MId=o020100010161|Strong=4616 21-22 שִׁתִ֛י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 שִׁת שִׁית VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 11 advcl _ Gloss=I|Ref=EXO_10:1!17|MId=o020100010171|Strong=7896|Frame=A0:020100010172;A1:020100010181;|Type=infinitive_construct 22 ִ֛י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 21 nsubj _ Gloss=to.perform|Ref=EXO_10:1!17|MId=o020100010172|Strong=5204a|Type=pronominal 23-24 אֹתֹתַ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 אֹתֹת אוֹת NOUN _ Number=Plur 21 obj _ Gloss=signs|Ref=EXO_10:1!18|MId=o020100010181|Strong=0226 24 ַ֥י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 23 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=EXO_10:1!18|MId=o020100010182|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 25 אֵ֖לֶּה אֵלֶּה DET _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 23 det _ Gloss=these|Ref=EXO_10:1!19|MId=o020100010191|Strong=0428|Type=demonstrative 26-28 בְּקִרְבּֽוֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=EXO_10:1!20|MId=o020100010201|Strong=0871a 27 קִרְבּ קֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 obl _ Gloss=midst|Ref=EXO_10:1!20|MId=o020100010202|Strong=7130 28 ֽוֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=EXO_10:1!20|MId=o020100010203|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 29 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 28 punct _ Ref=EXO_10:1!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | בֹּא *go* | imperative · qal | מֹשֶׁה *Moses* | | | | | הִכְבַּדְתִּי *I have made unresponsive* | qatal · hiphil | לִבּ *heart* + לֵב *the heart* | | | אֲנִי *I* | | שִׁת *I* | infinitive construct · qal | ִי *to perform* | אֹתֹת *signs* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר יְיָ לְמשֶׁה עוּל לְוָת פַּרְעֹה אֲרֵי אֲנָא יַקָרִית יָת לִבֵּהּ וְיָת לִבָּא דְעַבְדוֹהִי בְּדִיל לְשַׁוָאָה אָתַי אִלֵין בֵּינֵיהוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the LORD said unto Moses: 'Go in unto Pharaoh; for I have hardened his heart, and the heart of his servants, that I might show these My signs in the midst of them;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.271/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EXO:245`. - ← previous: [Exodus 9:35](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.9.35/) - next →: [Exodus 10:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.10.2/) - ↑ back to [Exodus 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/10/)