--- title: Exodus 10:14 — And the locusts went up over all the land of Egypt, and rested in al… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the locusts went up over all the land of Egypt, and rested in all the borders of Egypt; very grievous were they; before them there were no such locusts as they, neither after them shall be such. Who acts: locusts, such locusts. Exodus 10:14 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.10.14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/10/) / 10:14 # Exodus 10:14 שְׁמוֹת **Who acts:** locusts, such locusts · **What happens:** go up, rest, be · **To what, where:** land, borders This is Exodus 10:14 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — locusts, such locusts — and what happens in the verse to land, borders, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיַּ֣עַל הָֽאַרְבֶּ֗ה עַ֚ל כָּל־אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם וַיָּ֕נַח בְּכֹ֖ל גְּב֣וּל מִצְרָ֑יִם כָּבֵ֣ד מְאֹ֔ד לְ֠פָנָיו לֹא־הָ֨יָה כֵ֤ן אַרְבֶּה֙ כָּמֹ֔הוּ וְאַחֲרָ֖יו לֹ֥א יִֽהְיֶה־כֵּֽן׃ [And the locusts went up over all the land of Egypt, and rested in all the borders of Egypt; very grievous were they; before them there were no such locusts as they, neither after them shall be such.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.284/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EXO:258 # text = וַיַּ֣עַל הָֽאַרְבֶּ֗ה עַ֚ל כָּל־אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם וַיָּ֕נַח בְּכֹ֖ל גְּב֣וּל מִצְרָ֑יִם כָּבֵ֣ד מְאֹ֔ד לְ֠פָנָיו לֹא־הָ֨יָה כֵ֤ן אַרְבֶּה֙ כָּמֹ֔הוּ וְאַחֲרָ֖יו לֹ֥א יִֽהְיֶה־כֵּֽן׃ # verse = EXO.10.14 1-2 וַיַּ֣עַל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_10:14!1|MId=o020100140011|Strong=2050b 2 יַּ֣עַל עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.came.up|Ref=EXO_10:14!1|MId=o020100140012|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:020100140022;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 הָֽאַרְבֶּ֗ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הָֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_10:14!2|MId=o020100140021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 אַרְבֶּ֗ה אַרְבֶּה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=locust[s]|Ref=EXO_10:14!2|MId=o020100140022|Strong=0697 5 עַ֚ל עַל ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=EXO_10:14!3|MId=o020100140031|Strong=5921 6 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=EXO_10:14!4|MId=o020100140041|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 7 אֶ֣רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.land|Ref=EXO_10:14!5|MId=o020100140051|Strong=0776 8 מִצְרַ֔יִם מִצְרַיִם PROPN _ _ 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Egypt|Ref=EXO_10:14!6|MId=o020100140061|Strong=4714 9-10 וַיָּ֕נַח _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_10:14!7|MId=o020100140071|Strong=2050b 10 יָּ֕נַח נוּחַ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.settled.down|Ref=EXO_10:14!7|MId=o020100140072|Strong=5117|Frame=A0:020100140022;|Type=wayyiqtol 11-12 בְּכֹ֖ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=EXO_10:14!8|MId=o020100140081|Strong=0871a 12 כֹ֖ל כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=EXO_10:14!8|MId=o020100140082|Strong=3605 13 גְּב֣וּל גְּבוּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.territory|Ref=EXO_10:14!9|MId=o020100140091|Strong=1366 14 מִצְרָ֑יִם מִצְרַיִם PROPN _ _ 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Egypt|Ref=EXO_10:14!10|MId=o020100140101|Strong=4714 15 כָּבֵ֣ד כָּבֵד ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 parataxis _ Gloss=heavy|Ref=EXO_10:14!11|MId=o020100140111|Strong=3515|Type=adjective 16 מְאֹ֔ד מְאֹד ADV _ _ 15 advmod _ Gloss=very|Ref=EXO_10:14!12|MId=o020100140121|Strong=3966 17-19 לְ֠פָנָיו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 לְ֠ לְ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=EXO_10:14!13|MId=o020100140131|Strong=3807a 18 פָנָי פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 2 parataxis _ Gloss=|Ref=EXO_10:14!13|MId=o020100140132|Strong=6440 19 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ Gloss=it|Ref=EXO_10:14!13|MId=o020100140133|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 20 לֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 18 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=EXO_10:14!14|MId=o020100140141|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 21 הָ֨יָה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 18 cop _ Gloss=it.had.been|Ref=EXO_10:14!15|MId=o020100140151|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:020100140171;|Type=qatal 22 כֵ֤ן כֵּן ADV _ _ 23 advmod _ Gloss=thus|Ref=EXO_10:14!16|MId=o020100140161|Strong=3651 23 אַרְבֶּה֙ אַרְבֶּה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 nsubj _ Gloss=locust[s]|Ref=EXO_10:14!17|MId=o020100140171|Strong=0697 24-25 כָּמֹ֔הוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 כָּמֹ֔ כְּמוֹ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=EXO_10:14!18|MId=o020100140181|Strong=3644 25 הוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=EXO_10:14!18|MId=o020100140182|Strong=1930a|Type=pronominal 26-28 וְאַחֲרָ֖יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 28 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_10:14!19|MId=o020100140191|Strong=2050b 27 אַחֲרָ֖י אַחַר ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=after|Ref=EXO_10:14!19|MId=o020100140192|Strong=0310 28 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 conj _ Gloss=it|Ref=EXO_10:14!19|MId=o020100140193|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 29 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 28 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=EXO_10:14!20|MId=o020100140201|Strong=3808|Type=negative 30 יִֽהְיֶה־ הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 28 cop _ Gloss=it.will.be|Ref=EXO_10:14!21|MId=o020100140211|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:020100140171;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 31 כֵּֽן כֵּן ADV _ _ 28 advmod _ Gloss=thus|Ref=EXO_10:14!22|MId=o020100140221|Strong=3651|Type=demonstrative|SpaceAfter=No 32 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 31 punct _ Ref=EXO_10:14!22 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יַּעַל *it came up* | wayyiqtol · qal | אַרְבֶּה *locust\[s\]* | | | | | יָּנַח *it settled down* | wayyiqtol · qal | אַרְבֶּה *locust\[s\]* | | | | | הָיָה *it had been* | qatal · qal | אַרְבֶּה *locust\[s\]* | | | | | יִֽהְיֶה־ *it will be* | yiqtol · qal | אַרְבֶּה *locust\[s\]* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וּסְלֵיק גוֹבָא עַל כָּל אַרְעָא דְמִצְרַיִם וּשְׁרָא בְּכָל תְּחוּם מִצְרָיִם תַּקִיף לַחֲדָא קֳדָמוֹהִי לָא הֲוָה כֵן גוֹבָא דִכְוָתֵהּ וּבַתְרוֹהִי לָא יְהֵי כֵן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the locusts went up over all the land of Egypt, and rested in all the borders of Egypt; very grievous were they; before them there were no such locusts as they, neither after them shall be such.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.284/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EXO:258`. - ← previous: [Exodus 10:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.10.13/) - next →: [Exodus 10:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.10.15/) - ↑ back to [Exodus 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/10/)