--- title: Exodus 10:15 — For they covered the face of the whole earth, so that the land was d… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: For they covered the face of the whole earth, so that the land was darkened; and they did eat every herb of the land, and all the fruit of the trees which the hail had left; and there remained not any green thing, either tree or herb of the field, through all the land of Egypt. Who acts: locusts, ha --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.10.15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/10/) / 10:15 # Exodus 10:15 שְׁמוֹת **Who acts:** locusts, hail, green thing · **What happens:** cover, darken, eat, leave, not remain · **To what, where:** face, land, herb, fruit This is Exodus 10:15 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — locusts, hail, green thing — and what happens in the verse to face, land, herb, fruit, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיְכַ֞ס אֶת־עֵ֣ין כָּל־הָאָרֶץ֮ וַתֶּחְשַׁ֣ךְ הָאָרֶץ֒ וַיֹּ֜אכַל אֶת־כָּל־עֵ֣שֶׂב הָאָ֗רֶץ וְאֵת֙ כָּל־פְּרִ֣י הָעֵ֔ץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הוֹתִ֖יר הַבָּרָ֑ד וְלֹא־נוֹתַ֨ר כָּל־יֶ֧רֶק בָּעֵ֛ץ וּבְעֵ֥שֶׂב הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה בְּכָל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ [For they covered the face of the whole earth, so that the land was darkened; and they did eat every herb of the land, and all the fruit of the trees which the hail had left; and there remained not any green thing, either tree or herb of the field, through all the land of Egypt.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.285/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EXO:259 # text = וַיְכַ֞ס אֶת־עֵ֣ין כָּל־הָאָרֶץ֮ וַתֶּחְשַׁ֣ךְ הָאָרֶץ֒ וַיֹּ֜אכַל אֶת־כָּל־עֵ֣שֶׂב הָאָ֗רֶץ וְאֵת֙ כָּל־פְּרִ֣י הָעֵ֔ץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הוֹתִ֖יר הַבָּרָ֑ד וְלֹא־נוֹתַ֨ר כָּל־יֶ֧רֶק בָּעֵ֛ץ וּבְעֵ֥שֶׂב הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה בְּכָל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ # verse = EXO.10.15 1-2 וַיְכַ֞ס _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_10:15!1|MId=o020100150011|Strong=2050b 2 יְכַ֞ס כָּסָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.covered|Ref=EXO_10:15!1|MId=o020100150012|Strong=3680|Frame=A0:020100140171;A1:020100150031;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EXO_10:15!2|MId=o020100150021|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 4 עֵ֣ין עַיִן NOUN _ Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=the.eye|Ref=EXO_10:15!3|MId=o020100150031|Strong=5869 5 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.all|Ref=EXO_10:15!4|MId=o020100150041|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 6-7 הָאָרֶץ֮ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_10:15!5|MId=o020100150051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 אָרֶץ֮ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=land|Ref=EXO_10:15!5|MId=o020100150052|Strong=0776 8-9 וַתֶּחְשַׁ֣ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_10:15!6|MId=o020100150061|Strong=2050b 9 תֶּחְשַׁ֣ךְ חָשַׁךְ VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.grew.dark|Ref=EXO_10:15!6|MId=o020100150062|Strong=2821|Frame=A0:020100150072;|Type=wayyiqtol 10-11 הָאָרֶץ֒ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 11 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_10:15!7|MId=o020100150071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 אָרֶץ֒ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ Gloss=land|Ref=EXO_10:15!7|MId=o020100150072|Strong=0776 12-13 וַיֹּ֜אכַל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_10:15!8|MId=o020100150081|Strong=2050b 13 יֹּ֜אכַל אָכַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.ate|Ref=EXO_10:15!8|MId=o020100150082|Strong=0398|Frame=A0:020100140171;A1:020100150111;020100150151;|Type=wayyiqtol 14 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EXO_10:15!9|MId=o020100150091|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 15 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 obj _ Gloss=all|Ref=EXO_10:15!10|MId=o020100150101|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 16 עֵ֣שֶׂב עֵשֶׂב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.vegetation|Ref=EXO_10:15!11|MId=o020100150111|Strong=6212 17-18 הָאָ֗רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 18 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=EXO_10:15!12|MId=o020100150121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 18 אָ֗רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.land|Ref=EXO_10:15!12|MId=o020100150122|Strong=0776 19-20 וְאֵת֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_10:15!13|MId=o020100150131|Strong=2050b 20 אֵת֙ אֵת ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EXO_10:15!13|MId=o020100150132|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 21 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 conj _ Gloss=all|Ref=EXO_10:15!14|MId=o020100150141|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 22 פְּרִ֣י פְּרִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.fruit|Ref=EXO_10:15!15|MId=o020100150151|Strong=6529 23-24 הָעֵ֔ץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 24 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=EXO_10:15!16|MId=o020100150161|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 24 עֵ֔ץ עֵץ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.tree[s]|Ref=EXO_10:15!16|MId=o020100150162|Strong=6086 25 אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 26 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=EXO_10:15!17|MId=o020100150171|Strong=0834|Type=relative 26 הוֹתִ֖יר יָתַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 15 acl:relcl _ Gloss=it.had.left.over|Ref=EXO_10:15!18|MId=o020100150181|Strong=3498|Frame=AA:020100150192;A0:020100150162;020100150111;|Type=qatal 27-28 הַבָּרָ֑ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 28 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_10:15!19|MId=o020100150191|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 28 בָּרָ֑ד בָּרָד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 26 nsubj _ Gloss=hail|Ref=EXO_10:15!19|MId=o020100150192|Strong=1259 29-30 וְלֹא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 31 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_10:15!20|MId=o020100150201|Strong=2050b 30 לֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 31 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=EXO_10:15!20|MId=o020100150202|Strong=3808|Type=negative 31 נוֹתַ֨ר יָתַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.was.left.behind|Ref=EXO_10:15!21|MId=o020100150211|Strong=3498|Frame=A1:020100150231;|Type=qatal 32 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 31 nsubj _ Gloss=any|Ref=EXO_10:15!22|MId=o020100150221|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 33 יֶ֧רֶק יֶרֶק NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 32 compound:smixut _ Gloss=greenery|Ref=EXO_10:15!23|MId=o020100150231|Strong=3418 34-36 בָּעֵ֛ץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 בָּ בְּ ADP _ _ 36 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=EXO_10:15!24|MId=o020100150241|Strong=0871a 35 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 36 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_10:15!24|MId=o020100150241ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 36 עֵ֛ץ עֵץ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 31 obl _ Gloss=tree[s]|Ref=EXO_10:15!24|MId=o020100150242|Strong=6086 37-39 וּבְעֵ֥שֶׂב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 39 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_10:15!25|MId=o020100150251|Strong=2050b 38 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 39 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=EXO_10:15!25|MId=o020100150252|Strong=0871a 39 עֵ֥שֶׂב עֵשֶׂב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 36 conj _ Gloss=the.vegetation|Ref=EXO_10:15!25|MId=o020100150253|Strong=6212 40-41 הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 41 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=EXO_10:15!26|MId=o020100150261|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 41 שָּׂדֶ֖ה שָׂדֶה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 39 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.field|Ref=EXO_10:15!26|MId=o020100150262|Strong=7704 42-43 בְּכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 43 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=EXO_10:15!27|MId=o020100150271|Strong=0871a 43 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 31 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=EXO_10:15!27|MId=o020100150272|Strong=3605 44 אֶ֥רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 43 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.land|Ref=EXO_10:15!28|MId=o020100150281|Strong=0776 45 מִצְרָֽיִם מִצְרַיִם PROPN _ _ 44 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Egypt|Ref=EXO_10:15!29|MId=o020100150291|Strong=4714|SpaceAfter=No 46 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 45 punct _ Ref=EXO_10:15!29 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יְכַס *it covered* | wayyiqtol · piel | | עֵין *the eye* | | | | תֶּחְשַׁךְ *it grew dark* | wayyiqtol · qal | אָרֶץ *land* | | | | | יֹּאכַל *it ate* | wayyiqtol · qal | | עֵשֶׂב *the vegetation* + פְּרִי *the fruit* | | | | הוֹתִיר *it had left over* | qatal · hiphil | עֵץ *the tree\[s\]* + עֵשֶׂב *the vegetation* | | | בָּרָד *hail* | | **not** נוֹתַר *it was left behind* | qatal · niphal | | יֶרֶק *greenery* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וַחֲפָא יָת עֵין שִׁמְשָׁא דְכָל אַרְעָא וַחֲשׁוֹכַת אַרְעָא וַאֲכַל יָת כָּל עֶסְבָּא דְאַרְעָא וְיָת כָּל פֵּירֵי אִילָנָא דִי אַשְׁאַר בַּרְדָא וְלָא אִשְׁתָּאַר כָּל יָרוֹקָא בְּאִילָנָא וּבְעֶסְבָּא דְחַקְלָא בְּכָל אַרְעָא דְמִצְרָיִם: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [For they covered the face of the whole earth, so that the land was darkened; and they did eat every herb of the land, and all the fruit of the trees which the hail had left; and there remained not any green thing, either tree or herb of the field, through all the land of Egypt.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.285/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EXO:259`. - ← previous: [Exodus 10:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.10.14/) - next →: [Exodus 10:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.10.16/) - ↑ back to [Exodus 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/10/)