--- title: Exodus 10:19 — And the LORD turned an exceeding strong west wind, which took up the… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the LORD turned an exceeding strong west wind, which took up the locusts, and drove them into the Red Sea; there remained not one locust in all the border of Egypt. Who acts: LORD, strong west wind, one locust. Exodus 10:19 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pra --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.10.19/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/10/) / 10:19 # Exodus 10:19 שְׁמוֹת **Who acts:** LORD, strong west wind, one locust · **What happens:** turn, take up, drive, not remain · **To what, where:** strong west wind, locusts, Red Sea This is Exodus 10:19 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — LORD, strong west wind, one locust — and what happens in the verse to strong west wind, locusts, Red Sea, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיַּהֲפֹ֨ךְ יְהוָ֤ה רֽוּחַ־יָם֙ חָזָ֣ק מְאֹ֔ד וַיִּשָּׂא֙ אֶת־הָ֣אַרְבֶּ֔ה וַיִּתְקָעֵ֖הוּ יָ֣מָּה סּ֑וּף לֹ֤א נִשְׁאַר֙ אַרְבֶּ֣ה אֶחָ֔ד בְּכֹ֖ל גְּב֥וּל מִצְרָֽיִם׃ [And the LORD turned an exceeding strong west wind, which took up the locusts, and drove them into the Red Sea; there remained not one locust in all the border of Egypt.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.289/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EXO:263 # text = וַיַּהֲפֹ֨ךְ יְהוָ֤ה רֽוּחַ־יָם֙ חָזָ֣ק מְאֹ֔ד וַיִּשָּׂא֙ אֶת־הָ֣אַרְבֶּ֔ה וַיִּתְקָעֵ֖הוּ יָ֣מָּה סּ֑וּף לֹ֤א נִשְׁאַר֙ אַרְבֶּ֣ה אֶחָ֔ד בְּכֹ֖ל גְּב֥וּל מִצְרָֽיִם׃ # verse = EXO.10.19 1-2 וַיַּהֲפֹ֨ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_10:19!1|MId=o020100190011|Strong=2050b 2 יַּהֲפֹ֨ךְ הָפַךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.turned|Ref=EXO_10:19!1|MId=o020100190012|Strong=2015|Frame=A0:020100190021;A1:020100190031;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 יְהוָ֤ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=EXO_10:19!2|MId=o020100190021|Strong=3068 4 רֽוּחַ־ רוּחַ NOUN _ Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=a.wind|Ref=EXO_10:19!3|MId=o020100190031|Strong=7307|SpaceAfter=No 5 יָם֙ יָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=west|Ref=EXO_10:19!4|MId=o020100190041|Strong=3220 6 חָזָ֣ק חָזָק ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 amod _ Gloss=strong|Ref=EXO_10:19!5|MId=o020100190051|Strong=2389|Type=adjective 7 מְאֹ֔ד מְאֹד ADV _ _ 6 advmod _ Gloss=very|Ref=EXO_10:19!6|MId=o020100190061|Strong=3966 8-9 וַיִּשָּׂא֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_10:19!7|MId=o020100190071|Strong=2050b 9 יִּשָּׂא֙ נָשָׂא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.carried.away|Ref=EXO_10:19!7|MId=o020100190072|Strong=5375|Frame=A0:020100190031;A1:020100190092;|Type=wayyiqtol 10 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EXO_10:19!8|MId=o020100190081|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 11-12 הָ֣אַרְבֶּ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 הָ֣ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_10:19!9|MId=o020100190091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 אַרְבֶּ֔ה אַרְבֶּה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 obj _ Gloss=locust[s]|Ref=EXO_10:19!9|MId=o020100190092|Strong=0697 13-15 וַיִּתְקָעֵ֖הוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_10:19!10|MId=o020100190101|Strong=2050b 14 יִּתְקָע תָּקַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it|Ref=EXO_10:19!10|MId=o020100190102|Strong=8628|Frame=A0:020100190031;A1:020100190103;|Type=wayyiqtol 15 ֵ֖הוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 obj _ Gloss=blew.it|Ref=EXO_10:19!10|MId=o020100190103|Strong=1930a|Type=pronominal 16-17 יָ֣מָּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 יָ֣מּ יָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 obl _ Gloss=sea|Ref=EXO_10:19!11|MId=o020100190111|Strong=3220 17 ָה ה X _ _ 16 nmod _ Gloss=towards.[the]|Ref=EXO_10:19!11|MId=o020100190112|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 18 סּ֑וּף סוּף NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.reed[s]|Ref=EXO_10:19!12|MId=o020100190121|Strong=5488 19 לֹ֤א לֹא ADV _ _ 20 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=EXO_10:19!13|MId=o020100190131|Strong=3808|Type=negative 20 נִשְׁאַר֙ שָׁאַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=it.remained|Ref=EXO_10:19!14|MId=o020100190141|Strong=7604|Frame=A1:020100190151;|Type=qatal 21 אַרְבֶּ֣ה אַרְבֶּה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ Gloss=a.locust|Ref=EXO_10:19!15|MId=o020100190151|Strong=0697 22 אֶחָ֔ד אֶחָד NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 nummod _ Gloss=one|Ref=EXO_10:19!16|MId=o020100190161|Strong=0259|Type=cardinal_number 23-24 בְּכֹ֖ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=EXO_10:19!17|MId=o020100190171|Strong=0871a 24 כֹ֖ל כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=EXO_10:19!17|MId=o020100190172|Strong=3605 25 גְּב֥וּל גְּבוּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 24 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.territory|Ref=EXO_10:19!18|MId=o020100190181|Strong=1366 26 מִצְרָֽיִם מִצְרַיִם PROPN _ _ 25 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Egypt|Ref=EXO_10:19!19|MId=o020100190191|Strong=4714|SpaceAfter=No 27 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 26 punct _ Ref=EXO_10:19!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יַּהֲפֹךְ *he turned* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | רֽוּחַ־ *a wind* | | | | יִּשָּׂא *it carried away* | wayyiqtol · qal | רֽוּחַ־ *a wind* | אַרְבֶּה *locust\[s\]* | | | | יִּתְקָע *it* | wayyiqtol · qal | רֽוּחַ־ *a wind* | ֵהוּ *blew it* | | | | **not** נִשְׁאַר *it remained* | qatal · niphal | | אַרְבֶּה *a locust* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וַהֲפַךְ יְיָ רוּחָא מַעַרְבָא תַּקִיף לַחֲדָא וּנְטַל יָת גוֹבָא וּרְמָהִי לְיַמָא דְסוּף לָא אִשְׁתָּאַר גוֹבָא חַד בְּכֹל תְּחוּם מִצְרָיִם: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the LORD turned an exceeding strong west wind, which took up the locusts, and drove them into the Red Sea; there remained not one locust in all the border of Egypt.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.289/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EXO:263`. - ← previous: [Exodus 10:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.10.18/) - next →: [Exodus 10:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.10.20/) - ↑ back to [Exodus 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/10/)