--- title: Exodus 12:31 — And he called for Moses and Aaron by night and said: 'Rise up, get y… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And he called for Moses and Aaron by night and said: 'Rise up, get you forth from among my people, both ye and the children of Israel; and go, serve the LORD, as ye have said. Who acts: Pharaoh, ye. Exodus 12:31 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onkelos, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.12.31/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/12/) / 12:31 # Exodus 12:31 שְׁמוֹת **Who acts:** Pharaoh, ye · **What happens:** call, say, rise up, get, go, serve · **To what, where:** you, LORD · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Exodus 12:31 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Pharaoh, ye — and what happens in the verse to you, LORD, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּקְרָא֩ לְמֹשֶׁ֨ה וּֽלְאַהֲרֹ֜ן לַ֗יְלָה וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ ק֤וּמוּ צְּאוּ֙ מִתּ֣וֹךְ עַמִּ֔י גַּם־אַתֶּ֖ם גַּם־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וּלְכ֛וּ עִבְד֥וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה כְּדַבֶּרְכֶֽם׃ [And he called for Moses and Aaron by night and said: 'Rise up, get you forth from among my people, both ye and the children of Israel; and go, serve the LORD, as ye have said.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.341/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EXO:314 # text = וַיִּקְרָא֩ לְמֹשֶׁ֨ה וּֽלְאַהֲרֹ֜ן לַ֗יְלָה וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ ק֤וּמוּ צְּאוּ֙ מִתּ֣וֹךְ עַמִּ֔י גַּם־אַתֶּ֖ם גַּם־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וּלְכ֛וּ עִבְד֥וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה כְּדַבֶּרְכֶֽם׃ # verse = EXO.12.31 1-2 וַיִּקְרָא֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_12:31!1|MId=o020120310011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּקְרָא֩ קָרָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.summoned|Ref=EXO_12:31!1|MId=o020120310012|Strong=7121|Frame=A0:020120300021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 לְמֹשֶׁ֨ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=(to)|Ref=EXO_12:31!2|MId=o020120310021|Strong=3807a 4 מֹשֶׁ֨ה מֹשֶׁה PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=Moses|Ref=EXO_12:31!2|MId=o020120310022|Strong=4872 5-7 וּֽלְאַהֲרֹ֜ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 וּֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_12:31!3|MId=o020120310031|Strong=2050b 6 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=(to)|Ref=EXO_12:31!3|MId=o020120310032|Strong=3807a 7 אַהֲרֹ֜ן אַהֲרֹן PROPN _ _ 4 conj _ Gloss=Aaron|Ref=EXO_12:31!3|MId=o020120310033|Strong=0175 8 לַ֗יְלָה לַיְלָה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=night|Ref=EXO_12:31!4|MId=o020120310041|Strong=3915 9-10 וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_12:31!5|MId=o020120310051|Strong=2050b 10 יֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=EXO_12:31!5|MId=o020120310052|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:020120300021;|Type=wayyiqtol 11 ק֤וּמוּ קוּם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 10 ccomp _ Gloss=arise|Ref=EXO_12:31!6|MId=o020120310061|Strong=6965|Frame=A0:020120310022;020120310033;020120310131;|Type=imperative 12 צְּאוּ֙ יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 11 parataxis _ Gloss=go.out|Ref=EXO_12:31!7|MId=o020120310071|Strong=3318|Frame=A0:020120310111;020120310131;|Type=imperative 13-14 מִתּ֣וֹךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=EXO_12:31!8|MId=o020120310081|Strong=4480 14 תּ֣וֹךְ תָּוֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 obl _ Gloss=among|Ref=EXO_12:31!8|MId=o020120310082|Strong=8432 15-16 עַמִּ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 עַמּ עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=people|Ref=EXO_12:31!9|MId=o020120310091|Strong=5971 16 ִ֔י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=EXO_12:31!9|MId=o020120310092|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 17 גַּם־ גַּם ADV _ _ 18 advmod _ Gloss=both|Ref=EXO_12:31!10|MId=o020120310101|Strong=1571|Type=affirmation|SpaceAfter=No 18 אַתֶּ֖ם אַתֶּם PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 12 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=EXO_12:31!11|MId=o020120310111|Strong=0859a|Type=personal 19 גַּם־ גַּם ADV _ _ 20 advmod _ Gloss=as.well.as|Ref=EXO_12:31!12|MId=o020120310121|Strong=1571|Type=affirmation|SpaceAfter=No 20 בְּנֵ֣י בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 18 conj _ Gloss=the.people|Ref=EXO_12:31!13|MId=o020120310131|Strong=1121 21 יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 20 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=EXO_12:31!14|MId=o020120310141|Strong=3478 22-23 וּלְכ֛וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_12:31!15|MId=o020120310151|Strong=2050b 23 לְכ֛וּ הלך VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 11 conj _ Gloss=go|Ref=EXO_12:31!15|MId=o020120310152|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:020120310022;020120310033;020120310131;|Type=imperative 24 עִבְד֥וּ עָבַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 23 parataxis _ Gloss=serve|Ref=EXO_12:31!16|MId=o020120310161|Strong=5647|Frame=A0:020120310022;020120310033;020120310131;A1:020120310181;|Type=imperative 25 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EXO_12:31!17|MId=o020120310171|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 26 יְהוָ֖ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 24 obj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=EXO_12:31!18|MId=o020120310181|Strong=3068 27-29 כְּדַבֶּרְכֶֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=as|Ref=EXO_12:31!19|MId=o020120310191|Strong=3509a 28 דַבֶּר דָבַר VERB _ HebBinyan=PIEL 24 advcl _ Gloss=said|Ref=EXO_12:31!19|MId=o020120310192|Strong=1696|Frame=A0:020120310193;|Type=infinitive_construct 29 ְכֶֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 28 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=EXO_12:31!19|MId=o020120310193|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 30 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 29 punct _ Ref=EXO_12:31!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּקְרָא *he summoned* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | קוּמוּ *arise* | imperative · qal | מֹשֶׁה *Moses* + אַהֲרֹן *Aaron* + בְּנֵי *the people* | | | | | צְּאוּ *go out* | imperative · qal | אַתֶּם *you* + בְּנֵי *the people* | | | | | לְכוּ *go* | imperative · qal | מֹשֶׁה *Moses* + אַהֲרֹן *Aaron* + בְּנֵי *the people* | | | | | עִבְדוּ *serve* | imperative · qal | מֹשֶׁה *Moses* + אַהֲרֹן *Aaron* + בְּנֵי *the people* | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | דַבֶּר *said* | infinitive construct · piel | ְכֶֽם *you* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וּקְרָא לְמשֶׁה וּלְאַהֲרֹן לֵילְיָא וַאֲמַר קוּמוּ פּוּקוּ מִגוֹ עַמִי אַף אַתּוּן אַף בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וֶאֱזִילוּ פְלָחוּ קֳדָם יְיָ כְּמָא דִהֲוֵתוּן אָמְרִין: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And he called for Moses and Aaron by night and said: 'Rise up, get you forth from among my people, both ye and the children of Israel; and go, serve the LORD, as ye have said.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.341/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EXO:314`. - ← previous: [Exodus 12:30](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.12.30/) - next →: [Exodus 12:32](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.12.32/) - ↑ back to [Exodus 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/12/)