--- title: Exodus 12:39 — And they baked unleavened cakes of the dough which they brought fort… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And they baked unleavened cakes of the dough which they brought forth out of Egypt, for it was not leavened; because they were thrust out of Egypt, and could not tarry, neither had they prepared for themselves any victual. Who acts: people. Exodus 12:39 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Onk --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.12.39/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Torah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/) / [Exodus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/) / [chapter 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/12/) / 12:39 # Exodus 12:39 שְׁמוֹת **Who acts:** people · **What happens:** bake, bring, not leaven, thrust out, not tarry, prepare · **To what, where:** unleavened cakes, dough, Egypt, multitude, people, victual This is Exodus 12:39 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (The Torah). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — people — and what happens in the verse to unleavened cakes, dough, Egypt, multitude, people, victual, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 40 chapters of Exodus on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּאפ֨וּ אֶת־הַבָּצֵ֜ק אֲשֶׁ֨ר הוֹצִ֧יאוּ מִמִּצְרַ֛יִם עֻגֹ֥ת מַצּ֖וֹת כִּ֣י לֹ֣א חָמֵ֑ץ כִּֽי־גֹרְשׁ֣וּ מִמִּצְרַ֗יִם וְלֹ֤א יָֽכְלוּ֙ לְהִתְמַהְמֵ֔הַּ וְגַם־צֵדָ֖ה לֹא־עָשׂ֥וּ לָהֶֽם׃ [And they baked unleavened cakes of the dough which they brought forth out of Egypt, for it was not leavened; because they were thrust out of Egypt, and could not tarry, neither had they prepared for themselves any victual.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.350/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EXO:322 # text = וַיֹּאפ֨וּ אֶת־הַבָּצֵ֜ק אֲשֶׁ֨ר הוֹצִ֧יאוּ מִמִּצְרַ֛יִם עֻגֹ֥ת מַצּ֖וֹת כִּ֣י לֹ֣א חָמֵ֑ץ כִּֽי־גֹרְשׁ֣וּ מִמִּצְרַ֗יִם וְלֹ֤א יָֽכְלוּ֙ לְהִתְמַהְמֵ֔הַּ וְגַם־צֵדָ֖ה לֹא־עָשׂ֥וּ לָהֶֽם׃ # verse = EXO.12.39 1-2 וַיֹּאפ֨וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_12:39!1|MId=o020120390011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּאפ֨וּ אָפָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.baked|Ref=EXO_12:39!1|MId=o020120390012|Strong=0644|Frame=A0:020120370021;A1:020120390032;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EXO_12:39!2|MId=o020120390021|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 4-5 הַבָּצֵ֜ק _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EXO_12:39!3|MId=o020120390031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 בָּצֵ֜ק בָּצֵק NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=dough|Ref=EXO_12:39!3|MId=o020120390032|Strong=1217 6 אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 7 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=EXO_12:39!4|MId=o020120390041|Strong=0834|Type=relative 7 הוֹצִ֧יאוּ יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 5 acl:relcl _ Gloss=they.had.brought.out|Ref=EXO_12:39!5|MId=o020120390051|Strong=3318|Frame=A0:020120370021;|Type=qatal 8-9 מִמִּצְרַ֛יִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=EXO_12:39!6|MId=o020120390061|Strong=4480 9 מִּצְרַ֛יִם מִצְרַיִם PROPN _ _ 7 obl _ Gloss=Egypt|Ref=EXO_12:39!6|MId=o020120390062|Strong=4714 10 עֻגֹ֥ת עֻגָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 2 xcomp _ Gloss=bread.cakes|Ref=EXO_12:39!7|MId=o020120390071|Strong=5692 11 מַצּ֖וֹת מַצָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 10 appos _ Gloss=unleavened.bread(s)|Ref=EXO_12:39!8|MId=o020120390081|Strong=4682 12 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 14 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=EXO_12:39!9|MId=o020120390091|Strong=3588 13 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 14 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=EXO_12:39!10|MId=o020120390101|Strong=3808|Type=negative 14 חָמֵ֑ץ חָמֵץ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 advcl _ Gloss=it.was.leavened|Ref=EXO_12:39!11|MId=o020120390111|Strong=2556|Frame=A0:020120390032;|Type=qatal 15 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 16 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=EXO_12:39!12|MId=o020120390121|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 16 גֹרְשׁ֣וּ גָּרַשׁ VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PUAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 advcl _ Gloss=they.had.been.driven.out|Ref=EXO_12:39!13|MId=o020120390131|Strong=1644|Frame=A1:020120370021;|Type=qatal 17-18 מִמִּצְרַ֗יִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=EXO_12:39!14|MId=o020120390141|Strong=4480 18 מִּצְרַ֗יִם מִצְרַיִם PROPN _ _ 16 obl _ Gloss=Egypt|Ref=EXO_12:39!14|MId=o020120390142|Strong=4714 19-20 וְלֹ֤א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_12:39!15|MId=o020120390151|Strong=2050b 20 לֹ֤א לֹא ADV _ _ 21 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=EXO_12:39!15|MId=o020120390152|Strong=3808|Type=negative 21 יָֽכְלוּ֙ יָכֹל VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.had.been.able|Ref=EXO_12:39!16|MId=o020120390161|Strong=3201|Frame=A0:020120370021;|Type=qatal 22-23 לְהִתְמַהְמֵ֔הַּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EXO_12:39!17|MId=o020120390171|Strong=3807a 23 הִתְמַהְמֵ֔הַּ מָהַהּ VERB _ HebBinyan=HITHPALPEL 21 xcomp _ Gloss=delay|Ref=EXO_12:39!17|MId=o020120390172|Strong=4102|Frame=A0:020120370021;|Type=infinitive_construct 24-25 וְגַם־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 28 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EXO_12:39!18|MId=o020120390181|Strong=2050b 25 גַם־ גַּם ADV _ _ 26 advmod _ Gloss=also|Ref=EXO_12:39!18|MId=o020120390182|Strong=1571|Type=affirmation 26 צֵדָ֖ה צֵידָה NOUN _ Number=Sing 28 obj _ Gloss=provision[s]|Ref=EXO_12:39!19|MId=o020120390191|Strong=6720 27 לֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 28 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=EXO_12:39!20|MId=o020120390201|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 28 עָשׂ֥וּ עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.had.made|Ref=EXO_12:39!21|MId=o020120390211|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:020120370021;A1:020120390191;|Type=qatal 29-30 לָהֶֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 ל לְ ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=EXO_12:39!22|MId=o020120390221|Strong=3807a 30 ָהֶֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 obl _ Gloss=themselves|Ref=EXO_12:39!22|MId=o020120390222|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 31 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 30 punct _ Ref=EXO_12:39!22 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאפוּ *they baked* | wayyiqtol · qal | | בָּצֵק *dough* | | | | הוֹצִיאוּ *they had brought out* | qatal · hiphil | | | | | | **not** חָמֵץ *it was leavened* | qatal · qal | בָּצֵק *dough* | | | | | גֹרְשׁוּ *they had been driven out* | qatal · pual | | | | | | **not** יָֽכְלוּ *they had been able* | qatal · qal | | | | | | הִתְמַהְמֵהַּ *delay* | infinitive construct · hithpalpel | | | | | | **not** עָשׂוּ *they had made* | qatal · qal | | צֵדָה *provision\[s\]* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Onkelos {#onkelos} וַאֲפוֹ יָת לַיְשָׁא דִי אַפִּיקוּ מִמִצְרַיִם גְרִיצָן פַּטִירָן אֲרֵי לָא חֲמָע אֲרֵי אִתָּרָכוּ מִמִצְרַיִם וְלָא יָכִילוּ לְאִתְעַכָּבָא וְאַף זְוָדִין לָא עֲבָדוּ לְהוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And they baked unleavened cakes of the dough which they brought forth out of Egypt, for it was not leavened; because they were thrust out of Egypt, and could not tarry, neither had they prepared for themselves any victual.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/jps/EXO.350/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EXO:322`. - ← previous: [Exodus 12:38](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.12.38/) - next →: [Exodus 12:40](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO.12.40/) - ↑ back to [Exodus 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/torah/EXO/12/)